कूल
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Kurukh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
कूल (kūl)
References[edit]
- Hahn, Ferb (1903) “कूल”, in Kurukh Orao English dictionary[1], Bengal Secretariat Press, Calcutta, page 92
Sanskrit[edit]
Alternative scripts[edit]
Alternative scripts
- কূল (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
- কূল (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ကူလ (Burmese script)
- કૂલ (Gujarati script)
- ਕੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಕೂಲ (Kannada script)
- កូល (Khmer script)
- ກູລ (Lao script)
- കൂല (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
- କୂଲ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
- කූල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
- கூல (Tamil script)
- కూల (Telugu script)
- กูล (Thai script)
- ཀཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology[edit]
Of unclear origin, with many theories proposed:
- Frei derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *kḷH-Ho-, from *kel- (“to drive”), and compares with Latin celer (“quick”). Mayrhofer seems to favor this derivation.
- From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) and cognate with Latin cūlus (“posterior, buttocks; anus”) and Old Irish cúl (“back; rear”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-(l)o-m, from *kelH- (“to rise; hill”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not mentioned by Mayrhofer, but it's on the reconstruction page. Could it be sourced?”)
- Borrowed from Dravidian *kūl- (“to fall down; to sink”), and compared with Kannada ಕೂಲು (kūlu, “to fall down, be overturned”). Considering the Sanskrit word's Vedic presence, a borrowing is unlikely.
- Related to Proto-Iranian *káwfš (“hill, mountain”), whence Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (kaufa, “mountain”). This is phonetically untenable.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
कूल • (kūla) stem, n
Declension[edit]
| Neuter a-stem declension of कूल (kūla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कूलम् kūlam |
कूले kūle |
कूलानि / कूला¹ kūlāni / kūlā¹ |
| Vocative | कूल kūla |
कूले kūle |
कूलानि / कूला¹ kūlāni / kūlā¹ |
| Accusative | कूलम् kūlam |
कूले kūle |
कूलानि / कूला¹ kūlāni / kūlā¹ |
| Instrumental | कूलेन kūlena |
कूलाभ्याम् kūlābhyām |
कूलैः / कूलेभिः¹ kūlaiḥ / kūlebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | कूलाय kūlāya |
कूलाभ्याम् kūlābhyām |
कूलेभ्यः kūlebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कूलात् kūlāt |
कूलाभ्याम् kūlābhyām |
कूलेभ्यः kūlebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कूलस्य kūlasya |
कूलयोः kūlayoḥ |
कूलानाम् kūlānām |
| Locative | कूले kūle |
कूलयोः kūlayoḥ |
कूलेषु kūleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References[edit]
- Monier Williams (1899) “कूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 387
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 255