celer

See also: céler

Czech

Noun

celer m

1. celery

Declension

Declension of celer

	singular	plural
nominative	celer	celery
genitive	celeru	celerů
dative	celeru	celerům
accusative	celer	celery
vocative	celere	celery
locative	celeru	celerech
instrumental	celerem	celery

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French

Etymology

From Latin cēlāre, present active infinitive of cēlō (“hide, conceal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səle/

Verb

celer

1. (transitive, literary) to conceal or hide

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il cèle rather than *il cele. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.

  Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		celer			avoir celé
gerund		en celant			en ayant celé
present participle		celant /sə.lɑ̃/
past participle		celé /sə.le/
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il	nous	vous	ils
simple tenses	present	cèle /sɛl/	cèles /sɛl/	cèle /sɛl/	celons /sə.lɔ̃/	celez /sə.le/	cèlent /sɛl/
	imperfect	celais /sə.lɛ/	celais /sə.lɛ/	celait /sə.lɛ/	celions /sə.ljɔ̃/	celiez /sə.lje/	celaient /sə.lɛ/
	past historic1	celai /sə.le/	celas /sə.la/	cela /sə.la/	celâmes /sə.lam/	celâtes /sə.lat/	celèrent /sə.lɛʁ/
	future	cèlerai /sɛl.ʁe/	cèleras /sɛl.ʁa/	cèlera /sɛl.ʁa/	cèlerons /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/	cèlerez /sɛl.ʁe/	cèleront /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	cèlerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/	cèlerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/	cèlerait /sɛl.ʁɛ/	cèlerions /sɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/	cèleriez /sɛ.lə.ʁje/	cèleraient /sɛl.ʁɛ/
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior1	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il	que nous	que vous	qu’ils
simple tenses	present	cèle /sɛl/	cèles /sɛl/	cèle /sɛl/	celions /sə.ljɔ̃/	celiez /sə.lje/	cèlent /sɛl/
	imperfect1	celasse /sə.las/	celasses /sə.las/	celât /sə.la/	celassions /sə.la.sjɔ̃/	celassiez /sə.la.sje/	celassent /sə.las/
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect1	Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
		—	cèle /sɛl/	—	celons /sə.lɔ̃/	celez /sə.le/	—
1literary tenses

Synonyms

• cacher

Further reading

• “celer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Latin

Etymology

From cellō, from Proto-Indo-European *kel-. Probably cognate with Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈke.ler/, [ˈkɛ.ɫɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.ler/, [ˈt͡ʃeː.ler]

Adjective

celer (feminine celeris, neuter celere, comparative celerior, superlative celerrimus); third declension

1. fast, swift

Declension

Third declension, nominative masculine singular in -er, nominative neuter singular in -e.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	celer	celeris	celere		celerēs		celeria
genitive	celeris				celerium
dative	celerī				celeribus
accusative	celerem		celere		celerēs		celeria
ablative	celerī				celeribus
vocative	celer	celeris	celere		celerēs		celeria

Synonyms

• (fast, swift): rapidus, velox

Antonyms

• (fast, swift): lentus

Derived terms

Derived terms

• celeripēs
• celeritās

• celeriter
• celerō

Descendants

• Portuguese: célere
• Spanish: célere
• Italian: celere

References

• celer in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• celer in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “celer” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• celer in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• celer in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

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Middle French

Verb

celer

1. to hide

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

   Conjugation of celer

		simple			compound
infinitive		celer			avoir celé
gerund		en celant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		celant
past participle		celé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (may be i' before a vowel)	tu	il	nous	vous	ilz, elles
simple tenses	present	cele	celes	cele	celons	celez	celent
	imperfect	celois, celoys	celois, celoys	celoit, celoyt	celions, celyons	celiez, celyez	celoient, celoyent
	past historic	cela	celas	cela	celasmes	celastes	celerent
	future	celerai, celeray	celeras	celera	celerons	celerez	celeront
	conditional	celerois, celeroys	celerois, celeroys	celeroit, celeroyt	celerions, celeryons	celeriez, celeryez	celeroient, celeroyent
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que ie	que tu	qu'il	que nous	que vous	qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple tenses	present	cele	celes	cele	celons	celez	celent
	imperfect	celasse	celasses	celast	celassions	celassiez	celassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
		—	cele	—	celons	celez	—

Descendants

• French: celer

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Old French

Etymology

From Latin cēlāre, present active infinitive of cēlō (“hide, conceal”).

Verb

celer

1. to conceal
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     Mes dites moi, nel me celez

     But tell me, do not hide it from me

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-oils, *-oilt are modified to ouz, out. This verb has a stressed present stem çoil distinct from the unstressed stem cel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		celer			avoir celé
gerund		en celant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		celant
past participle		celé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	çoil	çoiles	çoile	celons	celez	çoilent
	imperfect	celoie, celeie, celoe, celeve	celoies, celeies, celoes, celeves	celoit, celeit, celot, celeve	celiiens, celiens	celiiez, celiez	celoient, celeient, celoent, celevent
	preterite	celai	celas	cela	celames	celastes	celerent
	future	celerai	celeras	celera	celerons	celeroiz, celereiz, celerez	celeront
	conditional	celeroie, celereie	celeroies, celereies	celeroit, celereit	celeriiens, celeriens	celeriiez, celeriez	celeroient, celereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	çoil	çouz	çout	celons	celez	çoilent
	imperfect	celasse	celasses	celast	celissons, celissiens	celissoiz, celissez, celissiez	celassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	çoile	—	celons	celez	—

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tsêler/
• Hyphenation: ce‧ler

Noun

cȅler m (Cyrillic spelling це̏лер)

1. celery

Declension

Declension of celer

	singular	plural
nominative	celer	celeri
genitive	celera	celera
dative	celeru	celerima
accusative	celer	celere
vocative	celeru	celeri
locative	celeru	celerima
instrumental	celerom	celerima