ṯz

See also: tz, .tz, and TZ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ciːzuw/ → /t͡ʃiːsuw/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːs(ə)/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ciːzuw/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiːsuw/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃiːs(ə)/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛz/
  • Conventional anglicization: tjez

Noun

 m

1. vertebra
2. (by extension) spine

Inflection

Declension of ṯz (masculine)

singular	ṯz
dual	ṯzwj
plural	ṯzw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯz  

ṯz	ṯz	ṯz	ṯz

Derived terms

• ṯzw bksw (“spine”)

Descendants

• Coptic:
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲓⲥⲉ (čise)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲓⲥⲓ (cisi)

Noun

 m

1. neck

Inflection

Declension of ṯz (masculine)

singular	ṯz
dual	ṯzwj
plural	ṯzw

Noun

 m

1. support

Inflection

Declension of ṯz (masculine)

singular	ṯz
dual	ṯzwj
plural	ṯzw

Noun

 m

1. sand dune
2. (by extension) drought

Inflection

Declension of ṯz (masculine)

singular	ṯz
dual	ṯzwj
plural	ṯzw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯz  

ṯz

Noun

 m

1. sentence

Inflection

Declension of ṯz (masculine)

singular	ṯz
dual	ṯzwj
plural	ṯzw

Derived terms

• ṯz-pẖr

Verb

 2-lit. or 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to tie, to knot
2. (transitive) to weave
3. (transitive) to join or put together
4. (transitive) to build
5. (transitive) to organise or marshal, especially of troops
6. (transitive) to levy (troops or laborers)
7. (intransitive) to clot, to coagulate

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯz (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ṯz, geminated stem: ṯzz

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯz	ṯzw, ṯz	ṯzt	ṯz, j.ṯz	ṯz, j.ṯz

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯz	ḥr ṯz	m ṯz	r ṯz

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ṯz.n	ṯzw, ṯz	consecutive	ṯz.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ṯzt
perfective3	ṯz	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ṯz.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ṯz, j.ṯz1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ṯz	ṯzz	potentialis1	ṯz.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ṯz, j.ṯz1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯz.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ṯz	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯz	ṯzz, ṯzzj6, ṯz2, ṯzw2 5, ṯzy2 5
imperfective	j.ṯz1, ṯz, ṯzy, ṯzw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.ṯz1, j.ṯzw1 5, ṯz, ṯzj6, ṯzy6	ṯz, ṯzw5
prospective	ṯz, ṯztj7	—	ṯztj4, ṯzt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Some authors such as Allen read this word as ṯꜣz rather than ṯz, regarding as a triliteral sign, and so consider this verb a strong triliteral:

Conjugation of ṯꜣz (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ṯꜣz, geminated stem: ṯꜣzz

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯꜣz	ṯꜣzw, ṯꜣz	ṯꜣzt	ṯꜣz	ṯꜣz

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯꜣz	ḥr ṯꜣz	m ṯꜣz	r ṯꜣz

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ṯꜣz.n	ṯꜣzw, ṯꜣz	consecutive	ṯꜣz.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ṯꜣzt
perfective3	ṯꜣz	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ṯꜣz.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ṯꜣz	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ṯꜣz	ṯꜣzz	potentialis1	ṯꜣz.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ṯꜣz	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯꜣz.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ṯꜣz	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯꜣz	ṯꜣz, ṯꜣzw5, ṯꜣzy5
imperfective	ṯꜣz, ṯꜣzy, ṯꜣzw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯꜣz, ṯꜣzj6, ṯꜣzy6	ṯꜣz, ṯꜣzw5
prospective	ṯꜣz, ṯꜣztj7	—	ṯꜣztj4, ṯꜣzt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯz  

ṯz	ṯz	ṯz	ṯz

Derived terms

• wḥꜥ ṯzzt (“resolve, untie”)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 307–308
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 132, 184, 292.