ἀριθμός

See also: αριθμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-. Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nḗritos, “countless”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.ritʰ.mós/ → /a.riθˈmos/ → /a.riθˈmos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.ritʰ.mós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.ritʰˈmos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.riθˈmos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.riθˈmos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.riθˈmos/

Noun

ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

1. number
   1. amount, sum
   2. term in a series
   3. number, account, rank
   4. quantity (opposite quality)
2. numbering, counting
3. arithmetic
4. (philosophy) abstract number
5. (grammar) number
6. numeral
7. unknown quantity
8. (rhetoric) rhythm
9. the sum of the numerical values of the letters of a name
10. military unit (=Latin numerus)
11. (astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time
12. (medicine) precise condition

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός; τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός ho arithmós	τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ tṑ arithmṓ	οἱ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί hoi arithmoí
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ toû arithmoû	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν toîn arithmoîn	τῶν ᾰ̓ρῐθμῶν tôn arithmôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓ρῐθμῷ tôi arithmôi	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν toîn arithmoîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖς toîs arithmoîs
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓ρῐθμόν tòn arithmón	τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ tṑ arithmṓ	τοὺς ᾰ̓ρῐθμούς toùs arithmoús
Vocative	ᾰ̓ρῐθμέ arithmé	ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ arithmṓ	ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί arithmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Ἀρῐθμοί (Arithmoí)

Descendants

• Greek: αριθμός (arithmós)

  Αριθμοί m pl (Arithmoí, “Numbers”)

• Pontic Greek: αριθμόν (arithmón)

Further reading

• “ἀριθμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀριθμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀριθμός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀριθμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀριθμός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀριθμός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἀριθμός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G706 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • arithmetic idem, page 39.
  • assortment idem, page 47.
  • batch idem, page 65.
  • cipher idem, page 132.
  • ciphering idem, page 132.
  • computation idem, page 154.
  • quantity idem, page 663.
  • set idem, page 756.
  • size idem, page 780.
  • sum idem, page 837.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN