凌

See also: 淩

Translingual

Han character

凌 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 3414₇, composition ⿰冫夌)

Derived characters

• 蓤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 45
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
• Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
• Unihan data for U+51CC

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Chinese

trad.		凌
simp. #		凌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
棱	*rɯːŋ
稜	*rɯːŋ
輘	*rɯːŋ
倰	*rɯːŋ
祾	*rɯːŋ, *rɯŋ
踜	*rɯːŋs
凌	*rɯŋ
菱	*rɯŋ
陵	*rɯŋ
綾	*rɯŋ
鯪	*rɯŋ
淩	*rɯŋ
夌	*rɯŋ
蔆	*rɯŋ
崚	*rɯŋ
掕	*rɯŋ
𩜁	*rɯŋs
庱	*r̥ʰɯŋ, *r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖	*r̥ʰɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): líng (ling²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: líng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: líng
    • Wade–Giles: ling²
    • Yale: líng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
    • Tâi-lô: lîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ling

Rime
Character	凌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力膺切
Baxter	ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əŋ/, /*p.rəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凌	凌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ ling ›	‹ ling ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əŋ/	/*p.rəŋ/
English	transgress; attack	ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凌
Reading #	1/1
No.	8244
Phonetic component	夌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陵
Old Chinese	/*rɯŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 凌

1. ice
2. to rise high; to go up
3. to place oneself above; to override
4. to ride (wind, etc.)
5. to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
6. to approach; to draw near; to close in on
7. to tremble
8. disorderly; messy
9. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lìng (ling⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
    • Wade–Giles: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 凌

1. ^† to freeze up; to form ice

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Japanese

Kanji

凌

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. endure
2. keep (rain) out
3. stave off
4. tide over
5. defy
6. slight
7. surpass

Readings

• On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
• Kun: しのぐ (shinogu, 凌ぐ)

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Korean

Hanja

凌 • (reung) (hangeul 릉, revised reung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

凌: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng

1. Surname