分子

See also: 份子

Chinese

		to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng)	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (分子)		分	子
simp. #(分子)		分	子
alternative forms		份子 Pronunciation 2

Etymology

“molecular; numerator”

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 分子(ぶんし) (bunshi, “molecule, numerator”), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 分子 (fēnzǐ, “element”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēnzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁶ zi² / fan¹ zi²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hun-chír / hun-chú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bung¹ ze²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēnzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fenzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: fên¹-tzŭ³
    • Yale: fēn-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fentzyy
    • Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁶ zi² / fan¹ zi²
    • Yale: fahn jí / fān jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi² / fan¹ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji² / fen¹ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/, /fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 份子 分子

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chír
    • Tâi-lô: hun-tsír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chú
    • Tâi-lô: hun-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hunzuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bung¹ ze²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pung tsṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /puŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: pjun tsiX

Rime
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府文切	即里切
Baxter	pjun	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/t͡sɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/t͡sɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/t͡sieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/t͡sɨX/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/t͡siəX/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/t͡sĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/t͡siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan1	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n]  tsəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn  ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ tsiX ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*tsəʔ/
English	divide	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3148	17857
Phonetic component	分	子
Rime group	文	之
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	分	子
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 分子

1. side branch in a family tree
2. component
3. (chemistry) molecule

   極性分子／极性分子  ―  jíxìng fēnzǐ  ―  polar molecule

4. (arithmetic) numerator

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fènzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁶ zi²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hūn-chír / hūn-chú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁷ ze²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fènzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fènzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tzŭ³
    • Yale: fèn-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenntzyy
    • Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁶ zi²
    • Yale: fahn jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 份子 分子

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chír
    • Tâi-lô: hūn-tsír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chú
    • Tâi-lô: hūn-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzuo
    • IPA (Taipei): /hun³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung⁷ ze²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hūng tsṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 分子

1. (chiefly derogatory) member (of a class); element (of a group of people)

   不法分子  ―  bùfǎ fènzǐ  ―  offender

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fènzi

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fènzi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fènzi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tzŭ⁵
    • Yale: fèn-dz
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn.tzy
    • Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 分子

1. Taiwan standard form of 份子 (fènzi).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
分	子
ぶん Grade: 2	し Grade: 1
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 分子 (pjun tsiX)

Noun

分(ぶん)子(し) • (bunshi) 

1. (set theory) element
2. (arithmetic) numerator
3. (chemistry) molecule

Descendants

• → Chinese: 分子
• → Korean: 분자 (bunja)
• → Vietnamese: phân tử

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
分	子

Noun

分子 • (bunja) (hangeul 분자)

1. Hanja form^? of 분자 (“molecule; element; numerator”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
分	子

Noun

分子

1. Template:han tu form of