包括

Chinese

		to cover; to wrap; to hold to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; to contract (to or for)	enclose; include
simp. and trad. (包括)		包	括

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bāokuò, bāoguā

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄅㄠ ㄍㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baau¹ kut³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pâu-koat
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pau-koat
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pau-kuaq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bāokuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄎㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: baokuò
    • Wade–Giles: pao¹-kʻuo⁴
    • Yale: bāu-kwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baukuoh
    • Palladius: баоко (baoko)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bāoguā
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄍㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: baogua
    • Wade–Giles: pao¹-kua¹
    • Yale: bāu-gwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baugua
    • Palladius: баогуа (baogua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: baau¹ kut³
    • Yale: bāau kut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baau¹ kut⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: bao¹ kud³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu-koat
    • Hakka Romanization System: bau´ guad`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bau¹ guad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau-koat
    • Tâi-lô: pau-kuat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pau'koad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³ kuat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹pau-kuaq
    • MiniDict: pau^平 kuah
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pau-kuaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/

Verb

包括

1. to include; to consist of

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

• 儲藏／储藏 (chǔcáng)
• 包 (literary, or in compounds)
• 包含 (bāohán)
• 包孕 (bāoyùn)
• 包容 (bāoróng)
• 包羅／包罗 (bāoluó)
• 包舉／包举 (bāojǔ) (literary)
• 包蘊／包蕴 (bāoyùn)
• 含
• 含有 (hányǒu)
• 含蓄 (hánxù)
• 囊括 (nángkuò)
• 容納／容纳 (róngnà)
• 涵括 (hánkuò)
• 涵蓋／涵盖 (hángài)
• 蘊含／蕴含 (yùnhán)
• 蘊涵／蕴涵 (yùnhán)
• 蘊藏／蕴藏 (yùncáng)
• 貯藏／贮藏 (zhùcáng)
• 連／连

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (包括):

• → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)
• → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)
• → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
包	括
ほう Grade: 4	かつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

包(ほう)括(かつ) • (hōkatsu) 

1. comprehensiveness

Derived terms

• 包括的

Verb

包(ほう)括(かつ)する • (hōkatsu suru) suru (stem 包(ほう)括(かつ)し (hōkatsu shi), past 包(ほう)括(かつ)した (hōkatsu shita))

1. to include, to comprehend, to embrace

Conjugation

Conjugation of "包括する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	包括し	ほうかつし	hōkatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	包括し	ほうかつし	hōkatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	包括する	ほうかつする	hōkatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	包括する	ほうかつする	hōkatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	包括すれ	ほうかつすれ	hōkatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	包括せよ¹ 包括しろ²	ほうかつせよ¹ ほうかつしろ²	hōkatsu seyo¹ hōkatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	包括される	ほうかつされる	hōkatsu sareru
Causative	包括させる 包括さす	ほうかつさせる ほうかつさす	hōkatsu saseru hōkatsu sasu
Potential	包括できる	ほうかつできる	hōkatsu dekiru
Volitional	包括しよう	ほうかつしよう	hōkatsu shiyō
Negative	包括しない	ほうかつしない	hōkatsu shinai
Negative continuative	包括せず	ほうかつせず	hōkatsu sezu
Formal	包括します	ほうかつします	hōkatsu shimasu
Perfective	包括した	ほうかつした	hōkatsu shita
Conjunctive	包括して	ほうかつして	hōkatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	包括すれば	ほうかつすれば	hōkatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative