揺れる
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
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揺 |
ゆ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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搖れる (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
Derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) intransitive form of classical Japanese verb 揺る (yuru), itself from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
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- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "揺れる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
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Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
揺れる | ゆれる | [yùrérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 揺れろ | ゆれろ | [yùréró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 揺れられる | ゆれられる | [yùrérárérú] |
Causative | 揺れさせる | ゆれさせる | [yùrésásérú] |
Potential | 揺れられる | ゆれられる | [yùrérárérú] |
Volitional | 揺れよう | ゆれよー | [yùréyóꜜò] |
Negative | 揺れない | ゆれない | [yùrénáí] |
Negative perfective | 揺れなかった | ゆれなかった | [yùrénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 揺れます | ゆれます | [yùrémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 揺れた | ゆれた | [yùrétá] |
Conjunctive | 揺れて | ゆれて | [yùrété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 揺れれば | ゆれれば | [yùréréꜜbà] |
Verb
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Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 揺らす |
mediopassive | 揺れる |
- to shake, to quake, to sway back and forth
- 地面が揺れた。
- Jimen ga yureta.
- The earth shook.
- 地面が揺れた。
- to pitch, to roll, to rock, to toss about (such as a ship on rough seas)
- to jolt or joggle (such as a vehicle)
- to swing back and forth (such as something suspended or hanging)
- to flicker, to waver (such as a flame)
- to tremble, to vibrate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "揺れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺れれ | ゆれれ | yurere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺れよ¹ 揺れろ² |
ゆれよ¹ ゆれろ² |
yureyo¹ yurero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 揺れられる | ゆれられる | yurerareru | |
Causative | 揺れさせる 揺れさす |
ゆれさせる ゆれさす |
yuresaseru yuresasu | |
Potential | 揺れられる 揺れれる³ |
ゆれられる ゆれれる³ |
yurerareru yurereru³ | |
Volitional | 揺れよう | ゆれよう | yureyō | |
Negative | 揺れない 揺れぬ 揺れん |
ゆれない ゆれぬ ゆれん |
yurenai yurenu yuren | |
Negative continuative | 揺れず | ゆれず | yurezu | |
Formal | 揺れます | ゆれます | yuremasu | |
Perfective | 揺れた | ゆれた | yureta | |
Conjunctive | 揺れて | ゆれて | yurete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 揺れれば | ゆれれば | yurereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure |
Continuative (連用形) | 揺れ | ゆれ | yure |
Terminal (終止形) | 揺る | ゆる | yuru |
Attributive (連体形) | 揺るる | ゆるる | yururu |
Realis (已然形) | 揺るれ | ゆるれ | yurure |
Imperative (命令形) | 揺れよ | ゆれよ | yureyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 揺れず | ゆれず | yurezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 揺るれど | ゆるれど | yururedo |
Causal conjunction | 揺るれば | ゆるれば | yurureba |
Conditional conjunction | 揺れば | ゆれば | yureba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 揺れき | ゆれき | yureki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 揺れけり | ゆれけり | yurekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 揺れつ | ゆれつ | yuretu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 揺れぬ | ゆれぬ | yurenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 揺れたり | ゆれたり | yuretari |
Volitional | 揺れむ | ゆれむ | yuremu |
Derived terms
- 揺れ (yure): shaking, swaying, quaking, pitching, rolling, etc. (the noun form of all the above verb senses)
Related terms
- 揺らす (yurasu): to make something shake, quake, sway, pitch, roll, etc. (the transitive or causative form of all the above verb senses)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN