杜鵑

See also: 杜鹃

Chinese

		fabricate; restrict; to prevent	cuckoo
trad. (杜鵑)		杜	鵑
simp. (杜鹃)		杜	鹃

Etymology

Both the bird and flower were named after a mythological figure called Du Yu (杜宇). He was the leader of an ancient kingdom in present-day Sichuan area and became a cuckoo which was always wailing after dying with regret. Later, he was so grieved that he vomited blood which dropped onto an azalea and made it red.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dùjuān

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ ㄐㄩㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶ gyun¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thu-kiên / thu-kiân

  (Hailu, HRS): tu^˖ gien^ˋ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tō͘-koan
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶du-cioe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dùjuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ ㄐㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dùjyuan
    • Wade–Giles: tu⁴-chüan¹
    • Yale: dù-jywān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duhjiuan
    • Palladius: дуцзюань (duczjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dou⁶ gyun¹
    • Yale: douh gyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶ gyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶ gün¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²² kyːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu-kiên
    • Hakka Romanization System: tu gien^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tu⁴ gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵ ki̯en²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu-kiân
    • Hakka Romanization System: tu gian^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tu⁴ gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵ ki̯an²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tu^˖ gien^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu³³ kien⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘-koan
    • Tâi-lô: tōo-kuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doxkoafn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹⁻²² kuan³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tɔ³³⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³⁻²¹ kuan⁴⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶du-cioe
    • MiniDict: du^去 cioe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³du-jyoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /du²² t͡ɕyø⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: duX kwen

Rime
Character	杜	鵑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	先 (86)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	徒古切	古玄切
Baxter	duX	kwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duoX/	/kwen/
Pan Wuyun	/duoX/	/kʷen/
Shao Rongfen	/doX/	/kuɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɔX/	/kwɛn/
Li Rong	/doX/	/kuen/
Wang Li	/duX/	/kiwen/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuoX/	/kiwen/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dù	juān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou6	gyun1

Noun

杜鵑

1. (～鳥) cuckoo (bird)
2. (～花) azalea and rhododendron, especially Rhododendron simsii

Synonyms

• (cuckoo):

edit

• 伏鳩仔 / 伏鸠仔 (Hakka)
• 催忙鳥 / 催忙鸟 (¹tshe-maon₂-tiau₃) (Northern Wu)
• 可穀 / 可谷 (dialectal)
• 姑姑蟲 / 姑姑虫 (gu¹ gu^1-3 cung¹) (Jin)
• 子規 / 子规 (zǐguī)
• 子規鳥 / 子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)
• 布穀 / 布谷 (bùgǔ)
• 布穀鳥 / 布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
• 杜宇 (dùyǔ) (literary)
• 杜鵑鳥 / 杜鹃鸟 (dùjuānniǎo)
• 種穀蟲兒 / 种谷虫儿 (Jin)
• 穀穀鳥 / 谷谷鸟 (dialectal)
• 豆仔鳥 / 豆仔鸟 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 陽雀子 / 阳雀子 (ian² cio⁶ zr) (Xiang)
• 鳲鳩 / 鸤鸠 (shījiū) (literary)

• (azalea and rhododendron): 杜鵑花／杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā), 映山紅／映山红 (yìngshānhóng), 滿山紅／满山红 (mǎnshānhóng), 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú)

Derived terms

• 杜鵑啼血 / 杜鹃啼血
• 杜鵑窩 / 杜鹃窝 (dùjuānwō)
• 杜鵑花 / 杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā)
• 杜鵑鳥 / 杜鹃鸟 (dùjuānniǎo)
• 武鳴杜鵑 / 武鸣杜鹃 (Wǔmíng dùjuān)
• 臺灣杜鵑 / 台湾杜鹃

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (杜鵑):

• → Japanese: 杜(と)鵑(けん) (token)
• → Korean: 두견(杜鵑) (dugyeon)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
杜	鵑
ほととぎす
Jinmeiyō	Hyōgai
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 杜鵑 – see the following entry.

【ほととぎすホトトギス】 [noun] lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus) Alternative spellings 子規, 時鳥, 杜宇, 田鵑, 蜀魂, 郭公, 不如帰, 怨鳥, ほとゝぎす, ホトヽギス

(This term, 杜鵑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
杜	鵑
と Jinmeiyō	けん Hyōgai
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 杜鵑 (MC duX kwen).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とけん [tòkéń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞kẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

杜(と)鵑(けん) • (token) 

1. lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)

Derived terms

• 杜鵑花(とけんか) (tokenka)

References

• “〈^▲杜^▲鵑〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
杜	鵑

Noun

杜鵑 • (dugyeon) (hangeul 두견)

1. hanja form^? of 두견 (“cuckoo, azalea”)