滅びる
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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滅 |
ほろ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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亡びる |
Etymology
[edit]From Classical Japanese verb 滅ぶ (horobu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) ほろびる [hòróbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- (Tokyo) ほろびる [hòróbírú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ho̞ɾo̞bʲiɾɯ̟]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "滅びる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
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Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
滅びる | ほろびる | [hòróbíꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 滅びろ | ほろびろ | [hòróbíꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 滅びられる | ほろびられる | [hòróbíráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 滅びさせる | ほろびさせる | [hòróbísáséꜜrù] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 滅びよう | ほろびよー | [hòróbíyóꜜò] |
Negative | 滅びない | ほろびない | [hòróbíꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 滅びなかった | ほろびなかった | [hòróbíꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 滅びます | ほろびます | [hòróbímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 滅びた | ほろびた | [hòróꜜbìtà] |
Conjunctive | 滅びて | ほろびて | [hòróꜜbìtè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 滅びれば | ほろびれば | [hòróbíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]滅びる • (horobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 滅び (horobi), past 滅びた (horobita))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 滅ぼす |
mediopassive | 滅びる |
- to die, to fall, to collapse, to perish
- "Laputa : Castle in the Sky", 1986
- ラピュタは滅びぬ、何度でも甦るさ。
- Rapyuta wa horobi nu, nando demo yomigaeru sa.
- Laputa never dies, it will be reborn many times.
- ラピュタは滅びぬ、何度でも甦るさ。
- "Laputa : Castle in the Sky", 1986
- to die out; to become extinct
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "滅びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 滅び | ほろび | horobi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 滅び | ほろび | horobi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 滅びる | ほろびる | horobiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 滅びる | ほろびる | horobiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 滅びれ | ほろびれ | horobire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 滅びよ¹ 滅びろ² |
ほろびよ¹ ほろびろ² |
horobiyo¹ horobiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 滅びられる | ほろびられる | horobirareru | |
Causative | 滅びさせる 滅びさす |
ほろびさせる ほろびさす |
horobisaseru horobisasu | |
Potential | 滅びられる 滅びれる³ |
ほろびられる ほろびれる³ |
horobirareru horobireru³ | |
Volitional | 滅びよう | ほろびよう | horobiyō | |
Negative | 滅びない 滅びぬ 滅びん |
ほろびない ほろびぬ ほろびん |
horobinai horobinu horobin | |
Negative continuative | 滅びず | ほろびず | horobizu | |
Formal | 滅びます | ほろびます | horobimasu | |
Perfective | 滅びた | ほろびた | horobita | |
Conjunctive | 滅びて | ほろびて | horobite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 滅びれば | ほろびれば | horobireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- 死ぬ (shinu) (especially of life, figuratively intangible matters)
- 消える (kieru) (especially of fire, figuratively intangible matters)