焉耆

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (焉耆)		焉	耆
simp. #(焉耆)		焉	耆

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Tocharian *Ārke-, name of the historical capital city of the Agneans, which gave rise to the endonym in Tocharian A Ārśi (Adams, 2013; see also Ji, 1998v4). First attested in the Book of Han. In Sanskrit sources, the city's name is conflated with अग्नि (agni, “fire”), which was likely unrelated.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yānqí

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹ kei⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yānqí
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Yancí
    • Wade–Giles: Yen¹-chʻi²
    • Yale: Yān-chí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ianchyi
    • Palladius: Яньци (Janʹci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin¹ kei⁴
    • Yale: yīn kèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹ kei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin¹ kéi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jen gjij

Rime
Character	焉	耆
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於乾切	渠脂切
Baxter	'jen	gjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇn/	/ɡiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛn/	/ɡi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæn/	/ɡjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔian/	/gi/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛn/	/ɡi/
Wang Li	/ĭɛn/	/ɡi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛn/	/gi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yān	qí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin1	kei4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔa[n]|[ʔ]a[n]  [ɡ]rij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qran  ɡri/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	焉	焉	耆
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yān	yān	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjen ›	‹ hjen ›	‹ gij ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔa[n]/	/*[ʔ]a[n]/ (atonic)	/*[ɡ]rij/
English	how	(3p locative pronoun)	old
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	焉	耆
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	14227	17332
Phonetic component	焉	旨
Rime group	元	脂
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	焉	鬐
Old Chinese	/*qran/	/*ɡri/

Proper noun

焉耆

1. (historical) Karasahr
2. (～回族自治縣, ～縣) Yanqi Hui Autonomous County (a county of Xinjiang, China)