猶予う
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
猶 | 予 |
いざ Grade: S |
よ Grade: 3 |
irregular | on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
猶豫う (kyūjitai) |
⟨isayo1pu⟩ → */isajʷopu/ → /isajopu/ → /izajofu/ → /izajou/
From Old Japanese 猶予ふ (isayopu).[1][2][3]
Read as いさよふ (isayopu) in the Nara Period. The /p/ lenited to /f/ (more specifically, the bilabial fricative [ɸ]) by the Heian Period, with the /s/ alternating with voiced /z/. The medial /f/ then further lenited and disappeared, with the voiced /z/ pronunciation becoming the dominant form.
Derived originally as a compound of いさ (isa, interjection of hesitation or introduction; compare to English so, which may be used as a hesitation word or to introduce a new topic[1][3]) + よふ (yopu, suffixing element of unclear meaning). Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE and the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1]
The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 猶予 (yūyo).
This word may be falling into disuse, and it is not included in some dictionaries.[4]
Pronunciation
Verb
猶予う • (izayou) ←いざよふ (izayofu)?intransitive godan (stem 猶予い (izayoi), past 猶予った (izayotta))
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 猶予わ | いざよわ | izayowa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 猶予い | いざよい | izayoi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 猶予う | いざよう | izayou |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 猶予う | いざよう | izayou |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 猶予え | いざよえ | izayoe |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 猶予え | いざよえ | izayoe |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 猶予われる | いざよわれる | izayowareru |
Causative | 猶予わせる 猶予わす |
いざよわせる いざよわす |
izayowaseru izayowasu |
Potential | 猶予える | いざよえる | izayoeru |
Volitional | 猶予おう | いざよおう | izayoō |
Negative | 猶予わない | いざよわない | izayowanai |
Negative continuative | 猶予わず | いざよわず | izayowazu |
Formal | 猶予います | いざよいます | izayoimasu |
Perfective | 猶予った | いざよった | izayotta |
Conjunctive | 猶予って | いざよって | izayotte |
Hypothetical conditional | 猶予えば | いざよえば | izayoeba |
Derived terms
- 猶予い (izayoi, “hesitation, pause”)
- 十六夜 (izayoi, “the 16th of the lunar month”)
Related terms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
猶 | 予 |
Grade: S | Grade: 3 |
irregular |
Alternative spellings |
---|
猶豫う (kyūjitai) 揺蕩う |
This kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 猶予 (yūyo). This spelling is less common than 揺蕩う.
For pronunciation and definitions of 猶予う – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 猶予う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- Japanese terms spelled with 猶
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