瑜伽

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (瑜伽)		瑜	伽
simp. #(瑜伽)		瑜	伽
alternative forms		瑜珈

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga) [7th century].

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yújiā

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ gaa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-kâ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): jû-ka / lû-ka / ió-gà

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ gia¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yu-cia

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yújiā
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yújia
    • Wade–Giles: yü²-chia¹
    • Yale: yú-jyā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yujia
    • Palladius: юйцзя (jujczja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 漁家 / 渔家 瑜伽

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ gaa¹
    • Yale: yùh gā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ gaa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ ga¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 儒家 漁家 / 渔家 瑜伽

• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ ga^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ga¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ ka²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ ga^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ga¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ ka²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-ka
    • Tâi-lô: jû-ka
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ju'kaf
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-ka
    • Tâi-lô: lû-ka
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lu'kaf
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ió-gà
    • Tâi-lô: ió-gà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioy'gax
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /io⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡa¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡa²¹/

Note: ió-gà - neologism, via English.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ru⁵ gia¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kia³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yu-cia
    • MiniDict: yu^去 cia
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy-jia
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: yu gja

Rime
Character	瑜	伽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊朱切	求迦切
Baxter	yu	gja
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨo/	/ɡɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/jio/	/ɡiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/io/	/ɡiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juə̆/	/gɨa/
Li Rong	/io/	/ɡiɑ/
Wang Li	/jĭu/	/ɡǐɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯u/	/gi̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	qié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	ke4

Noun

瑜伽

1. yoga (physical, mental, and spiritual practice or discipline)

   練瑜伽／练瑜伽  ―  liàn yújiā  ―  to practise yoga

Synonyms

• 瑜伽功 (yújiāgōng)
• 瑜伽術／瑜伽术 (yújiāshù)

Derived terms

• 熱力瑜伽 / 热力瑜伽 (rèlì yújiā)
• 熱瑜伽 / 热瑜伽 (rèyújiā)
• 瑜伽塊 / 瑜伽块
• 瑜伽士 (yújiāshì)
• 瑜伽宗
• 瑜伽師地論 / 瑜伽师地论
• 瑜伽派
• 瑜伽行派
• 高溫瑜伽 / 高温瑜伽 (gāowēn yújiā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (瑜伽):

• → Japanese: 瑜伽(ゆが) (yuga)
• → Korean: 유가(瑜伽) (yuga)
• → Vietnamese: du già (瑜伽)

References

• PTS Taigi

Japanese

Kanji in this term
瑜	伽
ゆ Hyōgai	が Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瑜伽 (jɨo ɡɨɑ), from Sanskrit योग (yoga). Doublet of ヨーガ (yōga) and ヨガ (yoga).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ゆが [yúꜜgà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ɡa̠]

Noun

瑜(ゆ)伽(が) • (yuga) 

1. yoga

Synonyms

• ヨーガ (yōga), ヨガ (yoga)

Derived terms

• 三密瑜伽(さんみつゆが) (sanmitsuyuga)
• 瑜伽教(ゆがきょう) (yugakyō)
• 瑜伽三密(ゆがさんみつ) (yugasanmitsu)
• 瑜伽師地論(ゆがしじろん) (yugashijiron)
• 瑜伽宗(ゆがしゅう) (yugashū)
• 瑜伽上乗(ゆがじょうじょう) (yugajōjō)
• 瑜伽振鈴(ゆがしんれい) (yugashinrei)
• 瑜伽論(ゆがろん) (yugaron)

References

• “^▲瑜^▲伽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026