癌

Translingual

Han character

癌 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 大口口山 (KRRU), four-corner 0017₂, composition ⿸疒嵒)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 781, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22538
• Dae Jaweon: page 1190, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2697, character 4
• Unihan data for U+764C

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		癌

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 嵒 (OC *ŋrɯːm, *ŋjab); 嵒／岩 (yán) is a variant of 岩 (yán).

Etymology

From 岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”), since cancers often present as lumps or outgrowths on the body.

In Mandarin, this character used to be pronounced identically as 岩 (yán). Its pronunciation was changed to ái in December 1962 to avoid the homophony between 癌 (ái, “cancer”) and 炎 (yán, “inflammation”) (compare 肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”) and 肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)). The new pronunciation ái stems from dialectal pronunciations of 岩 (“rock; cliff”) /ŋai/, influenced by 崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 癌

1. cancer, carcinoma

   癌症  ―  áizhèng  ―  cancer

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

References

• 普通話异讀詞审音表初稿(第三編) [Third List of Pronunciation Standards for Words with Multiple Readings in Putonghua, Draft] (in Chinese), 文字改革 [Script Reform], Issue 85, December 1962, page 1

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Japanese

Kanji

癌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. cancer

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: がん (gan)

Compounds

Compounds

• 胃癌(いがん) (igan): stomach cancer
• 咽頭癌(いんとうがん) (intōgan)
• 癌遺伝子(がんいでんし) (gan'idenshi)
• 癌(がん)ウイルス (gan'uirusu)
• 癌化(がんか) (ganka)
• 癌細胞(がんさいぼう) (gansaibō)
• 肝細胞癌(かんさいぼうがん) (kansaibōgan)
• 癌腫(がんしゅ) (ganshu): carcinoma
• 肝臓癌(かんぞうがん) (kanzōgan)
• 癌抑制遺伝子(がんよくせいいでんし) (gan'yokuseiidenshi)
• 結腸癌(けっちょうがん) (ketchōgan)
• 抗癌剤(こうがんざい) (kōganzai)
• 口腔癌(こうくうがん) (kōkūgan)
• 甲状腺癌(こうじょうせんがん) (kōjōsengan)
• 硬性癌(こうせいがん) (kōseigan)
• 喉頭癌(こうとうがん) (kōtōgan)
• 子宮癌(しきゅうがん) (shikyūgan)
• 子宮頸癌(しきゅうけいがん) (shikyūkeigan): cervical cancer
• 子宮体癌(しきゅうたいがん) (shikyūtaigan)
• 小児癌(しょうにがん) (shōnigan)
• 食道癌(しょくどうがん) (shokudōgan): esophageal cancer
• 腎臓癌(じんぞうがん) (jinzōgan)
• 水癌(すいがん) (suigan): noma
• 膵臓癌(すいぞうがん) (suizōgan)
• 制癌剤(せいがんざい) (seiganzai)
• 制癌物質(せいがんぶっしつ) (seiganbusshitsu)
• 舌癌(ぜつがん) (zetsugan)
• 腺癌(せんがん) (sengan): adenocarcinoma
• 前癌状態(ぜんがんじょうたい) (zenganjōtai)
• 前立腺癌(ぜんりつせんがん) (zenritsusengan)
• 早期癌(そうきがん) (sōkigan)
• タール癌(がん) (tārugan)
• 大腸癌(だいちょうがん) (daichōgan)
• 胆管癌(たんかんがん) (tankangan)
• 胆囊癌(たんのうがん) (tannōgan)
• 腸癌(ちょうがん) (chōgan)
• 直腸癌(ちょくちょうがん) (chokuchōgan)
• 乳癌(にゅうがん) (nyūgan): breast cancer
• 粘膜内癌(ねんまくないがん) (nenmakunaigan)
• 肺癌(はいがん) (haigan): lung cancer
• 発癌(はつがん) (hatsugan): carcinogenesis
• 皮膚癌(ひふがん) (hifugan): skin cancer
• 扁平上皮癌(へんぺいじょうひがん) (henpeijōhigan)
• 膀胱癌(ぼうこうがん) (bōkōgan): bladder cancer
• 未分化癌(みぶんかがん) (mibunkagan)
• 卵巣癌(らんそうがん) (ransōgan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
癌
がん Hyōgaiji
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 癌.

Noun

癌(がん) • (gan) 

1. (medicine, oncology, pathology) cancer

   彼(かれ)の祖母(そぼ)は癌(がん)で死(し)んだ。

   Kare no sobo wa gan de shinda.

   His grandmother died of cancer.

   • 1997 September 1 [1996 October 10], Fujiko F. Fujio, “くたばれ評(ひょう)論(ろん)家(か)　の巻(まき) [The Drop-Dead Critic]”, in エスパー魔美 [Esper Mami], 4th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 151:

     え？剣(つるぎ)鋭(えい)介(すけ)がガン⁉

     E? Tsurugi Eisuke ga gan⁉

     What? Tsurugi Eisuke has cancer⁉

     文(ぶん)化(か)部(ぶ)の立(たち)原(はら)さんにきいたの、再(さい)発(はつ)ですって。ガン細(さい)胞(ぼう)があちこち転(てん)移(い)してて、こんどはダメだろうと………

     Bunkabu no Tachihara-san ni kiita no, saihatsu desu tte. Gan saibō ga achi kochi ten'i shite te, kondo wa dame darō to………

     I heard that from Tachihara-san of the Department of Culture, sounds like it’s a recurrence. The cancer cells’ve been spreading, seems like there’s not much hope this time around………

2. (figurative) cancer

   中(ちゅう)央(おう)集(しゅう)権(けん)体(たい)制(せい)は社(しゃ)会(かい)の癌(がん)になっている。

   Chūō shūken taisei wa shakai no gan ni natte iru.

   The centralized administrative system has become a cancer of the society.

Usage notes

This term is often spelled in katakana, especially in medical contexts, as ガン.

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Korean

Hanja

癌 • (am) (hangeul 암, revised am, McCune–Reischauer am, Yale am)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 癌 (nham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.