carcinoma
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English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
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Learned borrowing from Latin carcinōma (“tumour; ulcer; carcinoma”), from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (karkínōma, “sore, ulcer; cancer”), from καρκινοῦν (karkinoûn, “to make (something) resemble a crab”), καρκινοῦσθαι (karkinoûsthai, “to become cancerous; to suffer from cancer”, passive) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix attached to verbs to form neuter nouns denoting the effect or result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action). Καρκινοῦν (Karkinoûn) is derived from καρκῐ́νος (karkínos, “crab; the zodiac sign Cancer; sore, ulcer; cancer”) (according to Paul of Aegina (c. 625 – c. 690) in his Medical Compendium in Seven Books, because the veins surrounding a cancerous tumour resemble a crab’s legs),[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”) (as a crab’s pincers form a circle) + *-iHnos (suffix forming adjectives of materials).[2] The English word is a doublet of cancer, and may be analysed as carcino- + -oma.
The plural form carcinomata is a learned borrowing from Latin carcinōmata, from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (karkinṓmata).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Singular:
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə/, /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmə/, /-sə-/
- Rhymes: -əʊmə
- Hyphenation: car‧ci‧no‧ma
- Plural (carcinomata):
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmətə/, /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmətə/[3]
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmətə/, /-sə-/, [-ɾə][4]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌkɑːsɪnəʊˈmɑːtə/, /ˌkɑːsnəʊˈmɑːtə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˌkɑɹsɪnoʊˈmɑtə/, /-sə-/, [-ɾə]
- Hyphenation: car‧ci‧no‧ma‧ta
Noun[edit]
carcinoma (countable and uncountable, plural carcinomas or carcinomata) (oncology)
- (countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
- (obsolete, countable) A form of cancer; (uncountable) cancer in general as a disease.
- 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXIII.] Of Peares, and the Properties Observed in Them. Of Tame Figge Trees, and Their Figges. Of the Wild Figge Tree. Of Erineus, and Other Plants, with the Medicines which They Affourd..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the VVorld. Commonly Called, The Natvrall Historie of C. Plinivs Secvndus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, →OCLC, page 167:
- Take the fatteſt and fulleſt Figs you can get, lay them upon the ugly and ill favored tumor called Carcinoma, i. the Canker, ſo it be not yet exulcerat, I aſſure you it is a ſoveraine remedie, and hardly can be matched againe: […]
Hypernyms[edit]
Hyponyms[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- adenocarcinoma
- adenosquamocarcinoma
- adrenocarcinoma
- anticarcinoma
- basal cell carcinoma
- carcinomagenesis
- carcinomal
- carcinomatoid
- carcinomatophobia
- carcinomatosis
- carcinomatous
- chimney sweep's carcinoma
- cholangiocarcinoma
- cholangocarcinoma
- cholioangiocarcinoma
- choriocarcinoma
- comedocarcinoma
- cystadenocarcinoma
- cystoadenocarcinoma
- cystocarcinoma
- dysgerminoma
- embryocarcinoma
- fibrocarcinoma
- gastroadenocarcinoma
- gastrocarcinoma
- hepatocarcinoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatocholangiocarcinoma
- hidradenocarcinoma
- laryngocarcinoma
- macrocarcinoma
- mastocarcinoma
- melanocarcinoma
- microcarcinoma
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- nephrocarcinoma
- nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
- nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome
- osteocarcinoma
- paracarcinoma
- porocarcinoma
- prostatic adenocarcinoma
- renal cell carcinoma
- squamoadenocarcinoma
- teratocarcinoma
- tetracarcinoma
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue
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See also[edit]
- basalioma
- encephaloma (dated)
- fibroepithelioma
- melanoma
References[edit]
- ^ Paulus Ægineta (1846), “Book VI”, in , Francis Adams, transl., The Seven Books of Paulus Ægineta. Translated from the Greek. With a Commentary Embracing a Complete View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery. […], volume II, London: […] [C. and J. Adlard] for the Sydenham Society, →OCLC, section XLV (On Cancer), page 332: “It [a tumour] has veins stretched on all sides as the animal the crab (cancer) has its feet, whence it derives its name.”
- ^ Compare “carcinoma, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “carcinoma, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “"carcinoma." Oxford English and Spanish Dictionary, Lexico”, in (please provide the title of the work)[1], accessed 4 February 2022, archived from the original on 2022-02-04
- ^ "carcinoma." www.merriam-webster.com
Further reading[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Noun[edit]
carcinoma m (plural carcinomes)
Further reading[edit]
- “carcinoma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Interlingua[edit]
Noun[edit]
carcinoma (plural carcinomas)
Italian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin carcĭnōma (“a cancerous ulcer”), from Ancient Greek καρκίνωμα (karkínōma).
Noun[edit]
carcinoma m (plural carcinomi)
Derived terms[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Ancient Greek καρκίνωμα (karkínōma).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kar.kiˈnoː.ma/, [kärkɪˈnoːmä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kar.t͡ʃiˈno.ma/, [kärt͡ʃiˈnɔːmä]
Noun[edit]
carcinōma n (genitive carcinōmatis); third declension
Declension[edit]
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | carcinōma | carcinōmata |
| Genitive | carcinōmatis | carcinōmatum |
| Dative | carcinōmatī | carcinōmatibus |
| Accusative | carcinōma | carcinōmata |
| Ablative | carcinōmate | carcinōmatibus |
| Vocative | carcinōma | carcinōmata |
Descendants[edit]
- Catalan: carcinoma m
- Czech: karcinom
- Finnish: karsinooma
- French: carcinome
- Galician: carcinoma m
- German: Karzinom n
- Hungarian: karcinóma
- Ido: karcinomo
- Irish: carcanóma m
- Italian: carcinoma
- Portuguese: carcinoma
- Russian: карцино́ма f (karcinóma)
- Serbo-Croatian: karcinom m
- Spanish: carcinoma m
- Swedish: karcinom n
- Tagalog: karsinoma
Portuguese[edit]
Noun[edit]
carcinoma m (plural carcinomas)
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Latin carcinōma, from Ancient Greek καρκίνωμα (karkínōma).
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): (Spain) /kaɾθiˈnoma/ [kaɾ.θiˈno.ma]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /kaɾsiˈnoma/ [kaɾ.siˈno.ma]
- Rhymes: -oma
- Syllabification: car‧ci‧no‧ma
Noun[edit]
carcinoma m (plural carcinomas)
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “carcinoma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-iHnos
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-mn̥
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English learned borrowings from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English doublets
- English terms prefixed with carcino-
- English terms suffixed with -oma
- English 4-syllable words
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/əʊmə
- Rhymes:English/əʊmə/3 syllables
- Rhymes:English/əʊmə/4 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Oncology
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with quotations
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns ending in -a
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Oncology
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua nouns
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian nouns with irregular gender
- Italian masculine nouns
- it:Oncology
- Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 4-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the third declension
- Latin neuter nouns
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese nouns with irregular gender
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Oncology
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Spanish 4-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/oma
- Rhymes:Spanish/oma/4 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish nouns with irregular gender
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Oncology