退化

Chinese

		retreat; to decline; to move back retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (退化)		退	化
simp. ^#(退化)		退	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuìhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): teoi³ faa³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thui-fa
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thèr-hòa / thè-hòa / thòe-hòa

(Teochew, Peng'im): to³ huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuìhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuèihuà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻui⁴-hua⁴
  - Yale: twèi-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tueyhuah
  - Palladius: туйхуа (tujxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    蛻化 / 蜕化
    退化
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: teoi³ faa³
  - Yale: teui fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: toey³ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: têu³ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    蛻化 / 蜕化
    退化
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: tui fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tui⁴ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thèr-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: thèr-huà
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: thè-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tea'hoax
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòe-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: thuè-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: toea'hoax
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: to³ huê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thò huè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/

Verb

退化

to degenerate; to atrophy
to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop

Usage notes

退化 (tuìhuà) is used to emphasize a good situation turning bad, while 蛻化／蜕化 (tuìhuà) is used to emphasize corruption and degeneration.

Synonyms

(to degenerate): 老化 (lǎohuà)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “deteriorate”): 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)

Derived terms

土地退化 (tǔdì tuìhuà)
腦退化症 / 脑退化症 (nǎotuìhuàzhèng)

Noun

退化

(mathematics) degeneracy

Japanese

Kanji in this term
退	化
たい Grade: 6	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たいか [táꜜìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
(Tokyo) たいか [tàíká] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ta̠ika̠]

Noun

退(たい)化(か) • (taika)

degeneration; retrogression

Antonyms

進化(しんか) (shinka)

Verb

退(たい)化(か)する • (taika suru) suru (stem 退(たい)化(か)し (taika shi), past 退(たい)化(か)した (taika shita))

to degenerate, to retrogress

Conjugation

Conjugation of "退化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	退化し	たいかし	taika shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	退化し	たいかし	taika shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	退化する	たいかする	taika suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	退化する	たいかする	taika suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	退化すれ	たいかすれ	taika sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	退化せよ¹ 退化しろ²	たいかせよ¹ たいかしろ²	taika seyo¹ taika shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	退化される	たいかされる	taika sareru
Causative	退化させる退化さす	たいかさせるたいかさす	taika saseru taika sasu
Potential	退化できる	たいかできる	taika dekiru
Volitional	退化しよう	たいかしよう	taika shiyō
Negative	退化しない	たいかしない	taika shinai
Negative continuative	退化せず	たいかせず	taika sezu
Formal	退化します	たいかします	taika shimasu
Perfective	退化した	たいかした	taika shita
Conjunctive	退化して	たいかして	taika shite
Hypothetical conditional	退化すれば	たいかすれば	taika sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Descendants

→ Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)
→ Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)
→ Vietnamese: thoái hoá

References

“退化”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
退	化

Noun

退化 • (toehwa) (hangeul 퇴화)

hanja form^? of 퇴화 (“degeneration; retrogression”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
退	化

Verb

退化

chữ Hán form of thoái hoá (“to degenerate;to decline”)