進化
Appearance
See also: 进化
Chinese
[edit]| advance; enter; to come in | to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (進化) | 進 | 化 | |
| simp. (进化) | 进 | 化 | |
Etymology
[edit]Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進化 (shinka).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon3 faa3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chin-fa
- Eastern Min (BUC): céng-huá
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chìn-hòa
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5cin-ho
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jìnhuà
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìnhuà
- Wade–Giles: chin4-hua4
- Yale: jìn-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnhuah
- Palladius: цзиньхуа (czinʹxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zeon3 faa3
- Yale: jeun fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen3 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: zên3 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin-fa
- Hakka Romanization System: jin fa
- Hagfa Pinyim: jin4 fa4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: céng-huá
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ (h-)ŋuɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
Verb
[edit]進化
- to evolve
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 退化 (tuìhuà)
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 進 | 化 |
| しん Grade: 3 |
か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 退化 (taika): degeneration
Verb
[edit]進化する • (shinka suru) intransitive suru (stem 進化し (shinka shi), past 進化した (shinka shita))
- to evolve
- 2019 June 7, 川合孝典, quotee, “第198回国会 参議院 本会議 第24号 令和元年6月7日”, in 国会会議録検索システム[1], 国立国会図書館:
- こうしている現在もサイバー攻撃は続き、そして日々進化しています。
- Kō shite iru genzai mo saibā kōgeki wa tsuzuki, soshite hibi shinka shite i-masu.
- Even now, cyber attacks continue and evolve every day.
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 進化し | しんかし | shinka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 進化し | しんかし | shinka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 進化する | しんかする | shinka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 進化する | しんかする | shinka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 進化すれ | しんかすれ | shinka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 進化せよ¹ 進化しろ² |
しんかせよ¹ しんかしろ² |
shinka seyo¹ shinka shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 進化される | しんかされる | shinka sareru |
| Causative | 進化させる 進化さす |
しんかさせる しんかさす |
shinka saseru shinka sasu |
| Potential | 進化できる | しんかできる | shinka dekiru |
| Volitional | 進化しよう | しんかしよう | shinka shiyō |
| Negative | 進化しない | しんかしない | shinka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 進化せず | しんかせず | shinka sezu |
| Formal | 進化します | しんかします | shinka shimasu |
| Perfective | 進化した | しんかした | shinka shita |
| Conjunctive | 進化して | しんかして | shinka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 進化すれば | しんかすれば | shinka sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “進化”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 進 | 化 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 進 | 化 |
Noun
[edit]進化
Verb
[edit]進化
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from wasei kango
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 進
- Chinese terms spelled with 化
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Evolutionary theory
- Japanese terms spelled with 進 read as しん
- Japanese terms spelled with 化 read as か
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
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- Japanese verbs
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- ja:Evolutionary theory
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