鰯

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鰯 U+9C2F, 鰯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C2F
← 鰮
[U+9C2E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鰰 →
[U+9C30]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

鰯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火弓一一 (NFNMM), composition ⿰魚弱)

  1. sardine

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1476, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46413
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4708, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9C2F

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鰯
simp. 𱈍

Glyph origin[edit]

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi, “sardine”). A Japanese kokuji coined phono-semanically (弱し yowashi) in the Nara period.

Etymology[edit]

Spelling pronunciation, as 弱 (ruò)

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

鰯

  1. pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus), sardine.

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”).

Kanji[edit]

鰯

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. sardine

Readings[edit]

  • Kun: いわし (iwashi, 鰯)

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

鰯 (iwashi): a plichard
 イワシ on Japanese Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
鰯
いわし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
鰮
鰛

From Old Japanese.[1] Attested in a mokkan dated around 756.[1]

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yowashi, “weak”, modern 弱い (yowai)), from the way that the fish quickly dies.[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

鰯(いわし) or 鰯(イワシ) • (iwashi) 

  1. [from 756] a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:
      鰯 楊氏漢語抄云鰯〈伊和之 今案本文未詳〉
      Pilchard: [Part of the] Willow Family. 鰯 is [also] in the Kangoshō. ([read] iwasi; currently, records of its origin are unknown)
  2. [unknown] Japanese sardine
  3. [from 1747] an uncut sword
  4. [from c. 1310] on the night of the Setsubun, a pilchard is placed at the entrance along with a 柊 (hīragi, “Osmanthus heterophyllus”) to ward off evil spirits
  5. [from 1892] (slang, used by criminals) a prison guard

Usage notes[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Russian: иваси́ f (ivasí)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. ^ “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

鰯 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Possibly borrowed from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

鰯(イワシ) (iwasi) 

  1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)

References[edit]

  • Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko (1977) 奄美方言分類辞典上巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 1], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 857
  • Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko, Fujii, Misako (1980) 奄美方言分類辞典下巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 2], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 655

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yo1wasi, “weak”), from the way that the fish quickly dies.[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.[2]

Noun[edit]

鰯 (iwasi) (kana いわし)

  1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanostictus))
    • Mokkan #2283 from Heijo Palace; text here
      青郷御贄伊和志腊五升
      AWOSATO1 NO2 MI1-NIPE2 NO2 iwasi NO2 KI1TAPI1 PA ITU-MASU
      The dried meat of a pilchard offered from Awosato [weighs] five masu.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. ^ “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
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