ḥbs

See also: HBs and ḫbs

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare Arabic حَبَّسَ (ḥabbasa), Hebrew חָבַשׁ (ḥāḇáš).

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːbas/ → /ˈħaːbas/ → /ˈħaːbəs/ → /ˈħoːβəs/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːbas/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːbas/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːbəs/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħoːβəs/

 

• (noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħaˈbas/ → /ħaˈbas/ → /ħəˈbas/ → /ħəˈβas/

• (noun): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaˈbas/
• (noun): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaˈbas/
• (noun): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħəˈbas/
• (noun): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħəˈβas/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛbɛs/
  • Conventional anglicization: hebes

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to clothe (a person or body part) (+ m: in, with (a garment)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive) to be(come) clothed (+ m: in, with (a garment))
3. (transitive, uncommon) to don, to put on (a garment) [Middle Kingdomn literature and New Kingdom]
4. (transitive) to hide, to cover up (a body part)
5. (transitive) to cover up (an object) with cloth, to cover or wrap (+ m: in, with (a cloth)) [since the Medical papyri]
6. (transitive) to cover over, to cover (a place) (+ m: in, with (a substance: sand, rocks, floodwater, etc.; also, a crowd of people))
7. (transitive, of the sky) to cover (the earth)
8. (transitive) to expand (a construction such as a temple or city) with further surrounding constructions (+ m: with (an annex, a defensive wall, etc.))
9. (transitive) to furnish (a house)
10. (transitive, of the king) to shield, to protect (Egypt) [20th Dynasty]
11. (transitive, with m) to bathe (something) in (light) [Greco-Roman Period]
12. (transitive) to keep (names, deeds, documents, etc.) secret

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥbs (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥbs, geminated stem: ḥbss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥbs	ḥbsw, ḥbs	ḥbst	ḥbs	ḥbs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥbs	ḥr ḥbs	m ḥbs	r ḥbs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥbs.n	ḥbsw, ḥbs	consecutive	ḥbs.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḥbst
perfective3	ḥbs	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḥbs.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḥbs	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḥbs	ḥbss	potentialis1	ḥbs.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḥbs	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥbs.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḥbs	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥbs	ḥbs, ḥbsw5, ḥbsy5
imperfective	ḥbs, ḥbsy, ḥbsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥbs, ḥbsj6, ḥbsy6	ḥbs, ḥbsw5
prospective	ḥbs, ḥbstj7	—	ḥbstj4, ḥbst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥbs  

ḥbs	ḥbs	ḥbs	ḥbs	ḥbs	ḥbs
[Pyramid Texts to Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[late New Kingdom]
				in hieratic	in hieratic

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥbs  

ḥbs	ḥbs	ḥbs	ḥbs
[since the New Kingdom]	[since the New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
abbreviation	abbreviation	abbreviation	abbreviation

Derived terms

• ḥꜣw ḥbs.tw
• ḥbsw
• ḥbswt
• ḥbs-bꜣg
• ḥbs bhn
• ḥbs bht
• ḥbs ḥr r
• ḥbs-ḫprw

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥbs
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs), ϩⲱⲡⲥ (hōps)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs), ϩⲱϥⲉⲥ (hōfes)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs)

Noun

 m

1. garment, piece of clothing [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (of the dead) mummy wrappings
3. (Late Egyptian) horsecloth, caparison
4. (Late Egyptian) covering for a chariot
5. straining cloth, cloth through which a substance is strained, pressed, or sieved [since the Medical papyri]
6. bandage, cloth used for bandaging [Medical papyri]
7. cloth as a material, as used for wicks, sails, tents, bandages, etc.

Inflection

Declension of ḥbs (masculine)

singular	ḥbs
dual	ḥbswj
plural	ḥbsw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

• jmj-r-ḥbsw
• jrj-ḥbsw
• ḥbs-nṯr
• ḥbs-sꜣy

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥbs
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲥ (hbos), ϩⲃⲱⲥ (hbōs)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲃⲁⲥ (hbas)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos), ϩⲃⲁⲥ (hbas)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos), ϩⲃⲟⲥ (hbos), ϩⲃⲱⲥ (hbōs)

References

• “ḥbs (lemma ID 103740)” and “ḥbs (lemma ID 103750)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 64.3–66.12
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 167
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 198.