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User:Eirikr can the label "copulative" be used on だ, です, なり, たり, etc.? |
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Revision as of 07:38, 15 July 2018
Japanese
Etymology 1
From the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of the classical tari below.
Particle
- Shows examples of actions or states.
- テレビを見たり、パソコンをしたりしている。
- Terebi o mitari, pasokon o shitari shite iru.
- I'm (doing things like) watching TV and playing on the computer.
- テレビを見たり、パソコンをしたりしている。
Usage notes
Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs, adjectives, and nominals, in the same way as the past/perfective ending た (ta). (The result is segmentally identical to the past/perfective form + ri.)
Etymology 2
/-te ari/ → /-tari/
Contraction of て (te), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the classical perfective つ (tsu), and あり (ari, “to be; to exist”).
Suffix
- (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) Used to form the stative of verbs.
Conjugation
未然形 | 連用形 | 終止形 | 連体形 | 已然形 | 命令形 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
たら (tara) | たり (tari) | たり (tari) | たる (taru) | たれ (tare) | たれ (tare) |
Derived terms
Etymology 3
/-to ari/ → /-tari/
Contraction of the case particle と (to) and the verb あり (ari, “to be; to exist”).
Verb
- (Classical Japanese or archaic) to be; having the appearance of
- 処女たる女神
- shojo taru megami
- virgin goddess
- 処女たる女神
Conjugation
未然形 | 連用形 | 終止形 | 連体形 | 已然形 | 命令形 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
たら (tara) | たり (tari) と (to) |
たり (tari) | たる (taru) | たれ (tare) | (たれ (tare)) |
In modern Japanese, the continuative と (to) or として (to shite) and the adnominal たる (taru) are used with the so-called -tari adjectives.