たり
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of the classical tari below.
Particle
[edit]- Shows examples of actions or states.
- テレビを見たり、パソコンをしたりしている。
- Terebi o mitari, pasokon o shitari shite iru.
- I'm (doing things like) watching TV and playing on the computer.
- テレビを見たり、パソコンをしたりしている。
Usage notes
[edit]Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs, adjectives, and nominals, in the same way as the past/perfective ending た (ta). (The result is segmentally identical to the past/perfective form + ri.)
This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助詞 (joshi, “auxiliary word; particle”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Etymology 2
[edit]/-te ari/ → /-tari/
Contraction of て (te), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the classical perfective つ (tsu), and あり (ari, “to be; to exist”).
Suffix
[edit]- (Classical Japanese) Used to form the stative of verbs.
- 時は来たり!
- Toki wa kitari!
- It's time!
- 時は来たり!
Usage notes
[edit]This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]/-to ari/ → /-tari/
Contraction of the case particle と (to) and the verb あり (ari, “to be; to exist”).
Verb
[edit]- (Classical Japanese or archaic) to be
- 処女たる女神
- shojo taru megami
- virgin goddess
- 一瞬たりともできない
- isshun tari to mo dekinai
- (modern language, literary) cannot do it even for a moment
- 処女たる女神
Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | たら | tara | ||
Continuative (連用形) | と[1] たり[2] |
to tari | ||
Terminal (終止形) | たり | tari | ||
Attributive (連体形) | たる | taru | ||
Realis (已然形) | たれ | tare | ||
Imperative (命令形) | たれ | tare | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | たらず | tarazu | ||
Contrasting conjunction | たれど | taredo | ||
Causal conjunction | たれば | tareba | ||
Conditional conjunction | たらば | taraba | ||
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | たりき | tariki | ||
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | たりけり | tarikeri | ||
Adverbial | と | to | ||
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
In modern Japanese, the continuative と (to) or として (to shite) and the adnominal たる (taru) are used with the so-called -tari adjectives.