海馬

See also: 海马

Chinese

		ocean; sea	horse; surname
trad. (海馬)		海	馬
simp. (海马)		海	马

Etymology

sea horse

So named as its shape is similar to horse's head. First used in the Tang dynasty-era (deprecated template usage) 《本草拾遺》 (Supplements to the Compendium of Materia Medica).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hǎimǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² maa⁵
• Eastern Min (BUC): hāi-mā
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hái-bé / hái-bée

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hǎimǎ [Phonetic: háimǎ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hǎimǎ
    • Wade–Giles: hai³-ma³
    • Yale: hǎi-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haemaa
    • Palladius: хайма (xajma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi² maa⁵
    • Yale: hói máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi² ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ maː¹³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hāi-mā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai³³⁻³⁵ ma³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-bé
    • Tâi-lô: hái-bé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hay'bea
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-bée
    • Tâi-lô: hái-bée
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɛ⁵³/
    • IPA (Penang): /hai⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ bɛ⁴⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xojX maeX

Rime
Character	海	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	呼改切	莫下切
Baxter	xojX	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hʌiX/	/mˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/həiX/	/mᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/xɒiX/	/maX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həjX/	/maɨX/
Li Rong	/xᴀiX/	/maX/
Wang Li	/xɒiX/	/maX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑ̆iX/	/maX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hǎi	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi2	maa5

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 海馬

1. sea horse
2. (obsolete) walrus
3. (obsolete) frog

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Etymology 1

海馬 (umiuma, kaiba): a sea horse.

Kanji in this term
海	馬
うみ Grade: 2	うま Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
海馬 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 海 (umi, “ocean, sea”) +‎ 馬 (uma, “horse”).

Noun

海(うみ)馬(うま) • (umiuma) 

1. Template:synof (fish)

Derived terms

• 大(オオ)海(ウミ)馬(ウマ) (ōumiuma)
• 黒(クロ)海(ウミ)馬(ウマ) (kurōmiuma)

Etymology 2

海馬 (kaiba): a walrus.

Kanji in this term
海	馬
かい Grade: 2	ば Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
海馬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 海馬 (xoj^X mæ^X, literally “sea + horse”). Compare Mandarin 海馬／海马 (hǎimǎ), Cantonese 海馬／海马 (hoi2 maa5), Min Nan 海馬／海马 (hái-bé).

Noun

海(かい)馬(ば) • (kaiba) 

1. (rare) Template:synof (fish)
2. (rare) Template:synof
3. (anatomy) the hippocampus (a part of the brain)

Synonyms

• (hippocampus): 海(かい)馬(ば)体(たい) (kaibatai)

Etymology 3

海馬 (todo): a female and male Steller sea lion.

Kanji in this term
海	馬
Grade: 2	Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
海馬 (kyūjitai)

From Ainu トド (todo), トト (toto, “sea lion”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Alternative forms

• 胡獱

Noun

海馬(とど) or 海馬(トド) • (todo) 

1. a Steller sea lion

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as トド. The kanji spellings are rare. When written in kanji, the 胡獱 spelling may be more common, likely to avoid confusion with the alternate readings of the 海馬 spelling of umiuma and kaiba.