らしい: difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Content deleted Content added
→Inflection: +wording tweaks; examples to show how "the preceding predicate" part works would be useful |
→Inflection: no adverbial |
||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
====Inflection==== |
====Inflection==== |
||
* Only the lemma form {{ |
* Only the lemma form {{m-self|ja|らしい}}, conjunctive {{ja-r|らしく}}, and polite terminal {{ja-r|[[らし.い]] [[です]]}} forms are used for the particle. Where necessary, the preceding predicate inflects instead for tense and other grammatical functions. |
||
Revision as of 21:51, 25 February 2021
Japanese
Suffix
らしい • (-rashii) -i (adverbial らしく (-rashiku))
- (after nouns, adverbs or adjective stems)
- to be like or equivalent to; to be perceived as
- 男 (otoko, “man”) - 男らしい (otokorashii, “manly”)
- 汚い (kitanai, “dirty”) - 汚らしい (kitanarashii, “looking dirty”)
- 大人らしくするつもりだったのに、大騒ぎしてしまった。
- Otonarashiku suru tsumori datta noni, ōsawagi shite shimatta.
- Despite the fact that I planned to act like an adult, I ended up making a big ruckus.
- 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第63話 幼い記憶 [Chapter 63: Childish Memories]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 109–110:
- たまには女の子らしいお前もいいけど ルリの事考えてるお前が一番お前らしいと思ってな！
- Tama ni wa onna no ko rashii o-mae mo ii kedo Ruri no koto kangaeteru o-mae ga ichiban o-mae rashii to omotte na!
- It’s nice to have you be ladylike every once in a while. But it’s much better to have you be yourself every time you think about Ruri!
- たまには女の子らしいお前もいいけど ルリの事考えてるお前が一番お前らしいと思ってな！
- to cause a feeling or emotion
- to be like or equivalent to; to be perceived as
Inflection
Inflection of らしい
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | らしかろ | rashikaro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | らしく | rashiku | |
| Terminal (終止形) | らしい | rashii | |
| Attributive (連体形) | らしい | rashii | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | らしけれ | rashikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | らしかれ | rashikare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | らしくない | rashiku nai | |
| Informal past | らしかった | rashikatta | |
| Informal negative past | らしくなかった | rashiku nakatta | |
| Formal | らしいです | rashii desu | |
| Formal negative | らしくないです | rashiku nai desu | |
| Formal past | らしかったです | rashikatta desu | |
| Formal negative past | らしくなかったです | rashiku nakatta desu | |
| Conjunctive | らしくて | rashikute | |
| Conditional | らしければ | rashikereba | |
| Provisional | らしかったら | rashikattara | |
| Volitional | らしかろう | rashikarō | |
| Adverbial | らしく | rashiku | |
| Degree | らしさ | rashisa | |
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | らしく[1] らしから[2] |
-rasiku -rasikara | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | らしく[1] らしかり[2] |
-rasiku -rasikari | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | らし | -rasi | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | らしき らしかる |
-rasiki -rasikaru | ||
| Realis (已然形) | らしけれ | -rasikere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | らしかれ | -rasikare | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | らしからず | -rasikarazu | ||
| Contrasting conjunction | らしけれど | -rasikeredo | ||
| Causal conjunction | らしければ | -rasikereba | ||
| Conditional conjunction | らしくば | -rasikuba | ||
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | らしかりき | -rasikariki | ||
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | らしかりけり | -rasikarikeri | ||
| Adverbial | らしく | -rasiku | ||
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Usage notes
- The suffix らしい (-rashii) usually denotes a quality that is somehow appropriate to or positive for the noun being described. Meanwhile, synonym っぽい (-ppoi) describes a quality that is somehow inappropriate to or negative for the noun being described. Compare English childlike and childish, womanly and womanish, manly and mannish.
Synonyms
Particle
- (used after the predicate) it seems that; I guess that
- 彼はどうも来ないらしい。
- Kare wa dō mo konai rashii.
- He is not coming, apparently.
- 彼はどうも来ないらしい。