衰弱

Chinese

		weak; feeble; decline weak; feeble; decline; wane; mourning garments	weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior
simp. and trad. (衰弱)		衰	弱

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shuāiruò

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞ ㄖㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi¹ joek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sôi-ngio̍k
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soe-lio̍k / soe-jio̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shuāiruò
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shuairuò
    • Wade–Giles: shuai¹-jo⁴
    • Yale: shwāi-rwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuairuoh
    • Palladius: шуайжо (šuajžo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: seoi¹ joek⁶
    • Yale: sēui yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey¹ joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu¹ yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôi-ngio̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: soi^ˊ ngiog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: soi¹ ngiog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /soi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯ok̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe-lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sue-lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soeliok
    • IPA (Taipei): /sue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³ liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sue⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe-jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sue-jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soejiok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/

Verb

衰弱

1. to fall away; to waste away; to weaken

Synonyms

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• 消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
• 消退 (xiāotuì)
• 減退／减退 (jiǎntuì)
• 衰退 (shuāituì)

 

Adjective

衰弱

1. feeble; weak; faint

Synonyms

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• 冉弱 (rǎnruò) (literary)
• 單薄／单薄 (dānbó)
• 孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
• 孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
• 弱 (ruò)
• 微弱 (wēiruò)
• 柔弱 (róuruò)
• 瘦弱 (shòuruò)
• 瘦瘠 (shòují)
• 羸弱 (léiruò)
• 脆弱 (cuìruò)
• 荏弱 (Hokkien)
• 薄弱 (bóruò)
• 虛弱／虚弱 (xūruò)
• 虛荏／虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 虛虧／虚亏 (xūkuī)
• 虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
• 軟弱／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
• 軟蔫蔫／软蔫蔫 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 軟䭕／软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 雌 (cí) (literary)
• 體弱／体弱 (tǐruò)

 

Antonyms

• 堅強／坚强 (jiānqiáng)
• 堅毅／坚毅 (jiānyì)
• 強健／强健 (qiángjiàn)
• 茁壯／茁壮 (zhuózhuàng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (衰弱):

• → Japanese: 衰弱(すいじゃく) (suijaku)
• → Korean: 쇠약(衰弱) (soeyak)
• → Vietnamese: suy nhược (衰弱)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
衰	弱
すい Grade: S	じゃく Grade: 2
on'yomi

Noun

衰(すい)弱(じゃく) • (suijaku) 

1. breakdown, collapse, emaciation, debility

Verb

衰(すい)弱(じゃく)する • (suijaku suru) suru (stem 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)し (suijaku shi), past 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)した (suijaku shita))

1. to break down, to collapse
2. to waste away, to fall into decline, to weaken

Conjugation

Conjugation of "衰弱する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	衰弱し	すいじゃくし	suijaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	衰弱し	すいじゃくし	suijaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	衰弱する	すいじゃくする	suijaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	衰弱する	すいじゃくする	suijaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	衰弱すれ	すいじゃくすれ	suijaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	衰弱せよ¹ 衰弱しろ²	すいじゃくせよ¹ すいじゃくしろ²	suijaku seyo¹ suijaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	衰弱される	すいじゃくされる	suijaku sareru
Causative	衰弱させる 衰弱さす	すいじゃくさせる すいじゃくさす	suijaku saseru suijaku sasu
Potential	衰弱できる	すいじゃくできる	suijaku dekiru
Volitional	衰弱しよう	すいじゃくしよう	suijaku shiyō
Negative	衰弱しない	すいじゃくしない	suijaku shinai
Negative continuative	衰弱せず	すいじゃくせず	suijaku sezu
Formal	衰弱します	すいじゃくします	suijaku shimasu
Perfective	衰弱した	すいじゃくした	suijaku shita
Conjunctive	衰弱して	すいじゃくして	suijaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	衰弱すれば	すいじゃくすれば	suijaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative