شمال
Arabic
Etymology 1
Diachronically from Proto-Semitic *šimāl-, synchronically from ش م ل (š-m-l). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (səmōl, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא (səmālā) / ܣܡܠܐ (semmālā, “left side”), Coptic ϣⲙⲟⲩⲗ (šmoul), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The north sense derives from the left-hand side facing the sunrise, also attested in Sabaean 𐩠𐩦𐩱𐩣𐩡 (hs²ʾml, “to be northward”).
Pronunciation
Noun
شِمَال • (šimāl) f (plural أَشْمُل (ʔašmul) or شَمَائِل (šamāʔil) or شُمُل (šumul))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شِمَال šimāl |
الشِّمَال aš-šimāl |
شِمَال šimāl |
Nominative | شِمَالٌ šimālun |
الشِّمَالُ aš-šimālu |
شِمَالُ šimālu |
Accusative | شِمَالًا šimālan |
الشِّمَالَ aš-šimāla |
شِمَالَ šimāla |
Genitive | شِمَالٍ šimālin |
الشِّمَالِ aš-šimāli |
شِمَالِ šimāli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شِمَالَيْن šimālayn |
الشِّمَالَيْن aš-šimālayn |
شِمَالَيْ šimālay |
Nominative | شِمَالَانِ šimālāni |
الشِّمَالَانِ aš-šimālāni |
شِمَالَا šimālā |
Accusative | شِمَالَيْنِ šimālayni |
الشِّمَالَيْنِ aš-šimālayni |
شِمَالَيْ šimālay |
Genitive | شِمَالَيْنِ šimālayni |
الشِّمَالَيْنِ aš-šimālayni |
شِمَالَيْ šimālay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَشْمُل; شَمَائِل; شُمُل ʔašmul; šamāʔil; šumul |
الْأَشْمُل; الشَّمَائِل; الشُّمُل al-ʔašmul; aš-šamāʔil; aš-šumul |
أَشْمُل; شَمَائِل; شُمُل ʔašmul; šamāʔil; šumul |
Nominative | أَشْمُلٌ; شَمَائِلُ; شُمُلٌ ʔašmulun; šamāʔilu; šumulun |
الْأَشْمُلُ; الشَّمَائِلُ; الشُّمُلُ al-ʔašmulu; aš-šamāʔilu; aš-šumulu |
أَشْمُلُ; شَمَائِلُ; شُمُلُ ʔašmulu; šamāʔilu; šumulu |
Accusative | أَشْمُلًا; شَمَائِلَ; شُمُلًا ʔašmulan; šamāʔila; šumulan |
الْأَشْمُلَ; الشَّمَائِلَ; الشُّمُلَ al-ʔašmula; aš-šamāʔila; aš-šumula |
أَشْمُلَ; شَمَائِلَ; شُمُلَ ʔašmula; šamāʔila; šumula |
Genitive | أَشْمُلٍ; شَمَائِلَ; شُمُلٍ ʔašmulin; šamāʔila; šumulin |
الْأَشْمُلِ; الشَّمَائِلِ; الشُّمُلِ al-ʔašmuli; aš-šamāʔili; aš-šumuli |
أَشْمُلِ; شَمَائِلِ; شُمُلِ ʔašmuli; šamāʔili; šumuli |
Synonyms
- يَسَار (yasār)
Antonyms
- يَمِين (yamīn)
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شمال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[1], London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[2], London: W.H. Allen
- “Proto-Semitic Root: *ŝimaʔl-; Number 2218” in Georgiy Starostin, Tower of Babel, Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin.
Etymology 2
From the root ش م ل (š-m-l) meaning “to bundle, “to wrap”, “to huddle”, “to be cold” – such senses are influenced by the cold-dry northerly wind necessitating wrapping up with clothes.
Noun
شِمَال • (šimāl) m (plural شَمَائِل (šamāʔil))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شِمَال šimāl |
الشِّمَال aš-šimāl |
شِمَال šimāl |
Nominative | شِمَالٌ šimālun |
الشِّمَالُ aš-šimālu |
شِمَالُ šimālu |
Accusative | شِمَالًا šimālan |
الشِّمَالَ aš-šimāla |
شِمَالَ šimāla |
Genitive | شِمَالٍ šimālin |
الشِّمَالِ aš-šimāli |
شِمَالِ šimāli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شِمَالَيْن šimālayn |
الشِّمَالَيْن aš-šimālayn |
شِمَالَيْ šimālay |
Nominative | شِمَالَانِ šimālāni |
الشِّمَالَانِ aš-šimālāni |
شِمَالَا šimālā |
Accusative | شِمَالَيْنِ šimālayni |
الشِّمَالَيْنِ aš-šimālayni |
شِمَالَيْ šimālay |
Genitive | شِمَالَيْنِ šimālayni |
الشِّمَالَيْنِ aš-šimālayni |
شِمَالَيْ šimālay |
Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمَائِل šamāʔil |
الشَّمَائِل aš-šamāʔil |
شَمَائِل šamāʔil |
Nominative | شَمَائِلُ šamāʔilu |
الشَّمَائِلُ aš-šamāʔilu |
شَمَائِلُ šamāʔilu |
Accusative | شَمَائِلَ šamāʔila |
الشَّمَائِلَ aš-šamāʔila |
شَمَائِلَ šamāʔila |
Genitive | شَمَائِلَ šamāʔila |
الشَّمَائِلِ aš-šamāʔili |
شَمَائِلِ šamāʔili |
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شمال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[3], London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[4], London: W.H. Allen
Etymology 3
From the root ش م ل (š-m-l) meaning “to be leftward” – the north direction being the left-hand side facing the sunrise. Additionally it is relatable to the root meaning “to bundle” or “to wrap”, as the cold northern wind necessitated wrapping up with clothes, contrasting with جَنُوب (janūb, “south”) from the root ج ن ب (j-n-b) meaning “changing”, “laying aside” clothes, the warm southern wind allowing to put off clothes.
Pronunciation
Noun
شَمَال • (šamāl) m
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمَال šamāl |
الشَّمَال aš-šamāl |
شَمَال šamāl |
Nominative | شَمَالٌ šamālun |
الشَّمَالُ aš-šamālu |
شَمَالُ šamālu |
Accusative | شَمَالًا šamālan |
الشَّمَالَ aš-šamāla |
شَمَالَ šamāla |
Genitive | شَمَالٍ šamālin |
الشَّمَالِ aš-šamāli |
شَمَالِ šamāli |
Coordinate terms
- (compass points) اِتِّجَاهَات الْبَوْصَلَةِ (ittijāhāt al-bawṣalati);
شَمَال غَرْبِيّ (šamāl ḡarbiyy) | شَمَال (šamāl) | شَمَال شَرْقِيّ (šamāl šarqiyy) |
غَرْب (ḡarb) | شَرْق (šarq) | |
جَنُوب غَرْبِيّ (janūb ḡarbiyy) | جَنُوب (janūb) | جَنُوب شَرْقِيّ (janūb šarqiyy) |
Noun
شَمَال • (šamāl) f (plural شَمَالَات (šamālāt))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمَال šamāl |
الشَّمَال aš-šamāl |
شَمَال šamāl |
Nominative | شَمَالٌ šamālun |
الشَّمَالُ aš-šamālu |
شَمَالُ šamālu |
Accusative | شَمَالًا šamālan |
الشَّمَالَ aš-šamāla |
شَمَالَ šamāla |
Genitive | شَمَالٍ šamālin |
الشَّمَالِ aš-šamāli |
شَمَالِ šamāli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَمَالَيْن šamālayn |
الشَّمَالَيْن aš-šamālayn |
شَمَالَيْ šamālay |
Nominative | شَمَالَانِ šamālāni |
الشَّمَالَانِ aš-šamālāni |
شَمَالَا šamālā |
Accusative | شَمَالَيْنِ šamālayni |
الشَّمَالَيْنِ aš-šamālayni |
شَمَالَيْ šamālay |
Genitive | شَمَالَيْنِ šamālayni |
الشَّمَالَيْنِ aš-šamālayni |
شَمَالَيْ šamālay |
Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمَالَات šamālāt |
الشَّمَالَات aš-šamālāt |
شَمَالَات šamālāt |
Nominative | شَمَالَاتٌ šamālātun |
الشَّمَالَاتُ aš-šamālātu |
شَمَالَاتُ šamālātu |
Accusative | شَمَالَاتٍ šamālātin |
الشَّمَالَاتِ aš-šamālāti |
شَمَالَاتِ šamālāti |
Genitive | شَمَالَاتٍ šamālātin |
الشَّمَالَاتِ aš-šamālāti |
شَمَالَاتِ šamālāti |
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شمال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[5], London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[6], London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “شمل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Chagatai
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).
Noun
شمال (šemal)
Moroccan Arabic
Root |
---|
ش م ل |
1 term |
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
شمال • (šamāl) m
Derived terms
- شمالي (šamāli, “northern”)
See also
(compass points)
شمال | ||
غرب | شرق | |
جنوب |
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
شمال • (šmāl) m
Derived terms
- شمالي (šmāli, “left-handed”)
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "IR" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ʃoˈmɒːl/
Noun
Dari | شمال |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шимол |
شمال • (šomâl)
Derived terms
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ش م ل |
1 term |
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
شمال • (šmāl) m
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
شمال • (šamāl) m
Derived terms
- شمالي (šamāli, “northern”)
See also
(compass points)
شمال (šamāl) | ||
غرب (ḡarb) | شرق (šarq) | |
جنوب (janūb) |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شمال (šamāl), itself from Arabic شَمَال (šamāl).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʃʊ.mɑːl/, /ʃɪ.mɑːl/
- Rhymes: -ɑːl
Noun
شُمال or شِمال • (śumāl or śimāl) m (Hindi spelling शुमाल or शिमाल)
References
- “شمال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “شمال”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
See also
(compass points)
شمال مغربی | شمال | شمال مشرقی |
مغرب | مشرق | |
جنوب مغربی | جنوب | جنوب مشرقی |
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م ل
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic diptote broken plural
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine plural
- ar:Compass points
- Chagatai terms borrowed from Arabic
- Chagatai terms derived from Arabic
- Chagatai lemmas
- Chagatai nouns
- Moroccan Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م ل
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic 2-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Moroccan Arabic masculine nouns
- ary:Compass points
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian entries with topic categories using raw markup
- fa:Compass points
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م ل
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Compass points
- ajp:Directions
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ش م ل
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms borrowed from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːl
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːl/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns