stum
See also: Stum
English
Etymology
From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.
Pronunciation
Noun
stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)
- (obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must.
- 1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales
- Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine.
- 1682, John Dryden, The Medal
- And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.
- 1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales
- (obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must.
- 1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265:
- Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,
And make it brisk champaign become.[note 1]
- 1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9 edition:
- To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.
- 1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, →ISBN, page 36:
- But stum wine was not intended for drinking.
Verb
stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed)
- (transitive, obsolete) To ferment.
- (transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation.
- 1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities
- We stum our crude wines […] to renew their spirits.
- 1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities
- (transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur.
- 1789, “Cultivation of the Vine”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1:
- Since I have taken this method with cyder, it has proved more like wine than common drink, but then I racked it off a second and a third time, as soon as it appeared fine, and then stummed the cask that received it the lasttime […]
References
- ^ T. R. Nash disputed the sense, noting "Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, has quoted these lines to prove that stum may signify wine revived by a new fermentation, but, perhaps, it means no more than figuratively to say that the remembrance of the widow's charms could turn bad wine into good, foul muddy wine, into clear sparkling champaigne."
- “stum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
Danish
Adjective
stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)
- mute, not possessing the ability of speech
- temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotion
- not involving speech
- De så ikke min stumme bøn.
- They did not see my silent plea.
Latvian
Verb
stum
- (deprecated template usage) 2nd person singular present indicative form of stumt
- (deprecated template usage) 2nd person singular imperative form of stumt
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish stumber.
Pronunciation
Adjective
stum
- mute; unable to speak
Related terms
Anagrams
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Dutch
- English terms derived from Dutch
- English doublets
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʌm
- Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Grapevines
- Danish lemmas
- Danish adjectives
- Danish terms with usage examples
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian verb forms
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adjectives