Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/reťi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Per Vasmer, cognate with Lithuanian rẽkti (“to shout, to roar”), 1sg. rėkiù, Lithuanian rékauti (“to shout, to roar”), 1sg. rékauju, Latvian rèkt (“to shout, to roar, to howl”), rȩ̃kôt (“to talk, to chat”), as well as Sanskrit रचयति (racáyati, “to work, to construct”), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan, “to calculate”), Tocharian B reki, Tocharian A rake (“speech, word”), Latin raccō (“to roar (like a tiger)”), Old Irish réimm (“shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *rekmen.
• Per Derksen, possibly cognate with Sanskrit रचयति (racáyati, “to work, to construct”) and Welsh rhegi (“curse”).

Verb

*reťi

1. to say

Conjugation

Conjugation of *reťi, *reče, *rečetь (?, -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*rečenьje	*reťi	*reťь	*reklъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*rečenъ	*rekomъ
Active	*rekъ	*reky

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rěxъ	*reče	*reče	*rekǫ	*rečeši	*rečetь
Dual	*rěxově	*rěsta	*rěste	*rečevě	*rečeta	*rečete
Plural	*rěxomъ	*rěste	*rěšę	*rečemъ	*rečete	*rekǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rečaaxъ	*rečaaše	*rečaaše	—	*rьci	*rьci
Dual	*rečaaxově	*rečaašeta	*rečaašete	*rьcěvě	*rьcěta	—
Plural	*rečaaxomъ	*rečaašete	*rečaaxǫ	*rьcěmъ	*rьcěte	—

Derived terms

• *perdъreťi (“to predict”) < *perdъ (“front”) + *reťi
• *zareťi (“to order”) < *za (“for”) + *reťi
• *nareťi (“to nominate, to call”) < *na (“on”) + *reťi
• *otъreťi (“to deny, to renounce”) < *otъ (“from”) + *reťi
• *jьzreťi (“to utter, to proclaim”) < *jьz (“out of”) + *reťi
• *vъreťi (“to promise, to vow”) < *vъ(n) (“in”) + *reťi
• *sъreťi (“to spell syllables”) < *sъ(n) (“with”) + *reťi
• *rečenьcь (“term, deadline”) < *reťi + *-ьcь (compare *rokъ (“year”))

Related terms

• *rāčìti (“to wish, want”)
• *rě̑čь‎ (“speech”)
• *rokъ (“period of time”)
• *otrokъ (“child, servant”)
• *prorokъ (“prophet”)
• *porokъ (“vice, flaw”)
• *urokъ (“verbal agreement, curse, lesson”)
• *naročьnъ (“deliberate”)
• *uročьnъ (“agreed upon, accordant”)
• *rota (“oath”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: речи (reči)
    • Belarusian: рачы́ (račý)
    • Russian: -речь (-rečʹ), речи́ (rečí) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: ректи́ (rektý), речи́ (rečý)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: рещи (rešti)

    Glagolitic: ⱃⰵⱋⰹ (rešti)

  • Bulgarian: река́ (reká)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ре̏ћи

    Latin script: rȅći

    • Chakavian : rȅći
  • Slovene: réči (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: řéci
    • Czech: říct, říci
  • Polish: rzec
  • Slovak: riecť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “реку”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “реку”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 109
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “речь”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa