burg

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See also: Burg and -burg

English

Pronunciation

  • Audio (AU):(file)

Etymology 1

The historical sense is from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“borough, fortification”). Doublet of borough, Brough, burgh, burh, and bury. Also compare burgess.

The modern sense may have been formed in part by analogy with the many North American city names that are suffixed with -burg (a number of which in the Eastern United States once used -burgh instead. See burgh), as well as being formed in part due to German Burg.

Noun

burg (plural burgs)

  1. (Canada, US) A city or town.
    • 1921, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Efficiency Expert‎[1], HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2012:
      Tell mother that I will write her in a day or two, probably from Chicago, as I have always had an idea that that was one burg where I could make good.
    • 2009 June, David Thriault, “This Way In: The Sound and the Fury”, in Esquire, volume 151, number 6, page 6:
      Imagine my surprise when I learned that he was not only a Canadian but lived in Ottawa, that icy burg I had left so many kilometers -- sorry, miles -- behind me.
    • 2010 Feb, Paige Orloff, “Big Style on a (Little) Budget”, in Country Living, volume 33, number 2, page 84:
      It's been said that Wilder modeled that fictional setting on Peterborough, a quaint burg tucked away in New Hampshire's verdant southwestern hills.
  2. (historical) A fortified town in medieval Europe.
Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

burg (plural burgs)

  1. (slang) burger
    • 2002, Ricard Marx Weinraub, Wonder Bread Hill, page 6:
      I hate this emptiness and the redundancy of eating burgs at Burger Town.

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "LL" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF.[1], perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”),[2] or possibly borrowed from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos, “watchtower, fortress”)[3], although this is difficult given the initial b- in Albanian.

Pronunciation

Noun

burg m (plural burgje, definite burgu, definite plural burgjet)

  1. jail, prison

Declension

Declension of burg
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative burg burgu burgj burgjet
accusative burgun
dative burgu burgut burgjve burgjve
ablative burgjsh

Synonyms

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Miklosich, Franz (1871) Albanische Forschungen II. Die romanischen Elemente im Albanischen (in German), Vienna: Karl Gerold’s Sohn
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "journalseries" is not used by this template.
  3. ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), volume II, Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 145

Catalan

Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Etymology

From Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg (“fortress”).

Pronunciation

Noun

burg m (plural burgs)

  1. (historical) A fortified settlement, fortress.
  2. (historical) The outskirts of a city, suburbs.
    Synonym: ravals

Derived terms

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

burg f (plural burgen, diminutive burgje n)

  1. Alternative form of burcht, now rarely used outside names.

Irish

Noun

burg m (genitive singular buirg, nominative plural buirg)

  1. Alternative form of buirg (“borough”)

Declension

Declension of burg

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative burg buirg
Vocative a bhuirg a bhurga
Genitive buirg burg
Dative burg buirg

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an burg na buirg
Genitive an bhuirg na mburg
Dative leis an mburg

don bhurg

leis na buirg

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
burg bhurg mburg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz.

Noun

burg f

  1. fortress, castle
  2. city

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: borch, burch
    • Dutch: burg, burcht
    • Limburgish: bórg, börch

Further reading

  • “burg”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *burgz.

Pronunciation

Noun

burg f (nominative plural byrġ)

  1. city or town
    • c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
      Wyrċaþ fæsten ymb þā burg.
      Build a fortress around the city.
    • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
      Þæt Ēstland is swīðe miċel, and þǣr biþ swīðe manega byrġ, and on ǣlcre byrġ biþ cyning.
      Estonia is very large. There are a whole lot of towns, and every town has a king.
    • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies
      Nāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.
      I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.
    • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of the Blessed Mary"
      Sē Godes wiðersaca hine þā ġehāthierte and cwæþ, "Þā iċ fram fierde ġeċierre, iċ tōweorpe þās burg, and hīe ġesmēðe, and tō ierþlande āwende, swā þæt hēo biþ cornbǣru swīðor þonne manbǣru."
      The adversary of God became furious and said, "When I return from the campaign, I will destroy this city, and level it, and turn it into arable land, so it is full of grain instead of people."
  2. fortified place: fortress, castle
    • c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
      Sēo burg þæs mōdes sċeal swīðe oft ġefrēdan hire fēonda speru.
      The fortress of the mind must very often feel the spears of its enemies.
    • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 921
      Þā fōr Ēadweard cyning mid Westseaxna fierde tō Colneċeastre and ġebētte þā burg and ġeednīewode þǣr hēo ǣr tōbrocen wæs.
      Then King Edward traveled to Colchester with the West Saxon army and repaired the fortress, and rebuilt it where it had been destroyed.

Declension

Declension of burg (strong consonant stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative burg byrġ
accusative burg byrġ
genitive byrġ burga
dative byrġ burgum

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).

Noun

burg f

  1. a castle
  2. a city

Declension

Declension of burg (feminine i-stem)
case singular plural
nominative burg burgi
accusative burg burgi
genitive burgi burgo
dative burgi burgim, burgen

Descendants

References

  1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).

Pronunciation

Noun

burg f

  1. fort, castle
    • (Can we date this quote?) Heliand, verse 4187:
      imu thô an Effrem an theru hôhon burg uunode ― he then lived in the high fort of Effrem
  2. city, town
    • (Can we date this quote?) Genesis, verse 238:
      bûan an them burugium ― to live in these cities

Declension

Declension of burg, burh (feminine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative burg, burh burgi
accusative burg, burh burgi
genitive burgi burgiō
dative burgi burgium
instrumental — —


Descendants

Romanian

Etymology

From French bourg.

Noun

burg n (plural burguri)

  1. burg, market town

Declension

Declension of burg
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) burg burgul (niște) burguri burgurile
genitive/dative (unui) burg burgului (unor) burguri burgurilor
vocative burgule burgurilor
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