堅強

See also: 坚强

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better
trad. (堅強)		堅	強
simp. (坚强)		坚	强

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānqiáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄑㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ koeng⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-khiòng / kiân-khiòng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kian-kiông / kian-kiâng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānqiáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄑㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jianciáng
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-chʻiang²
    • Yale: jyān-chyáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianchyang
    • Palladius: цзяньцян (czjanʹcjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gin¹ koeng⁴
    • Yale: gīn kèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ koeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ kêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ kʰœːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-khiòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˊ kiong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ kiong²
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân-khiòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: gian^ˊ kiong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ kiong²
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-kiông
    • Tâi-lô: kian-kiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kienkioong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³ kiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-kiâng
    • Tâi-lô: kian-kiâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kienkiaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/

Adjective

堅強

1. staunch; strong

   堅強意志／坚强意志  ―  jiānqiáng yìzhì  ―  strong will

   他是一位胸懷十分豁達，並且意念非常堅強的領袖。 [MSC, trad.]
   他是一位胸怀十分豁达，并且意念非常坚强的领袖。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā shì yī wèi xiōnghuái shífēn huòdá, bìngqiě yìniàn fēicháng jiānqiáng de lǐngxiù. [Pinyin]

   He's a very broad-minded and strong-willed leader.

Synonyms

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• 倔強／倔强
• 儼硬／俨硬 (Hokkien)
• 剛強／刚强 (gāngqiáng)
• 剛愎／刚愎 (gāngbì) (literary)
• 剛毅／刚毅 (gāngyì)
• 剛烈／刚烈 (gāngliè)
• 堅毅／坚毅 (jiānyì)
• 婞直 (xìngzhí)
• 悻直 (xìngzhí) (literary)
• 擰／拧 (nìng)
• 頑強／顽强 (wánqiáng)

 

Antonyms

• 薄弱 (bóruò)
• 脆弱 (cuìruò)
• 虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
• 軟弱／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
• 衰弱 (shuāiruò)
• 虛虧／虚亏 (xūkuī)
• 虛弱／虚弱 (xūruò)
• (Min Nan) 灠弱／𰜐弱

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (堅強):

• → Japanese: 堅強(けんきょう) (kenkyō)
• → Vietnamese: kiên cường (堅強)