Grad

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See also: grad, grád, gråd, and grąd

English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Russian Град (Grad, codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher), from Russian град (grad, hail).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Grad (plural Grads)

  1. A type of Soviet artillery multiple rocket launcher, or a rocket fired by this.
    • 1989: Jane’s Defence Weekly, v 12, Coulsdon, UK: Jane’s, p 1050:
      It supplements the 220 mm BM-22 Uragan (‘Hurricane’) and 122 mm BM-21 Grad (‘Hail’) MRLs, already in service.
    • 1998, Field Artillery Association (U.S.), Field Artillery, page 7:
      The MRL systems Smerch, Uragan, and Grad are designed to destroy concentrations of personnel and various vehicles at distances up to 70 kilometers.
    • 2001, Olga Oliker, Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat, Santa Monica, California: Rand, page 29:
      The Russians fought back with Grad rocket-launcher salvos and mortar attacks (they also made some use of armor).
    • 2009, Rockets from Gaza: Harm to Civilians from Palestinian Armed Groups’ Rocket Attacks, New York: Human Rights Watch, page 22:
      “[w]e saw Hamas come and put up rocket launchers and fire. We could tell they were Grads by the sound, which is louder and deeper than that of Qassams.”

Synonyms[edit]

Translations[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French grade (a grade, degree), from Latin gradus (a step).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Grad m (strong, genitive Grades or Grads, plural Grade or Grad)

  1. degree
    0 Grad Celsius (0°C) sind 273,15 Kelvin.
    Zero degrees Celsius (0°C) are 273.15 Kelvin.

Usage notes[edit]

  • When used as a measuring unit (e.g. for temperature), the word always has the unchanged plural Grad: zwei Grad wärmer – "two degrees warmer"; einige Grad kühler – "some degrees cooler".
  • When not used as a measuring unit, the plural form is Grade: Die soziale Ungleichheit hat bisher ungekannte Grade erreicht. – "Social inequality has reached degrees previously unknown." This usage is less common than in English.

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Grad” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • Grad” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • Grad” in Duden online

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From grad.

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Grad m pers

  1. a male surname

Declension[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Grad f (indeclinable)

  1. a female surname

Further reading[edit]

  • GRAD”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022