Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root 1[edit]

*bʰeg-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to break
Synonyms: *bʰreg-, *bʰrew-, *bʰrews-, *Hrewp-, *kelh₂-, *h₃lem-, *lewǵ-, *(s)kep-, *weh₂ǵ-, *wreh₁ǵ-

Alternative forms[edit]

*bʰeng-

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeg- (break)‎ (14 c, 0 e)

*bʰég-e-ti (thematic root present)^[2]
- Proto-Celtic: *begeti (“to break”)^[5]
  - Old Irish: do·beig
*bʰég-t ~ *bʰg-ént (athematic root aorist)^[2]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: եբեկ (ebek, “broke”)
*bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]^[6]^[7]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: բեկանեմ (bekanem, “to break”)
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: bengiú, beñgti (“to break up”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baigtei^[8]
    - Lithuanian: baĩgti
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *beigtei^[9]
    - Latvian: bèigt
    - Lithuanian: beĩgti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰanákti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰanákti
    - Sanskrit: भनक्ति (bhanákti)
*bʰég-n̥to- ~ *bʰg-n̥to-^[10]
- Proto-Tocharian: *p(ä)känte
  - Tocharian A: pkänt (“separate”)
  - Tocharian B: pkante (“obstacle”)
*bʰog-o-^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *dī-bogo-
  - Middle Welsh: di-fo, diuo (“destroying”)
*bʰog-smn̥^[1]
- Proto-Celtic: *boxsman
  - Middle Irish: boimm (“piece, fragment”)
*bʰog-tós^[5]^[11]
- Proto-Celtic: *boxtos
  - Old Irish: bocht (“poor”)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás (or from *bʰeh₂g-) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰog-yo-s^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *bogyos
  - Old Irish: ráthbuige (“ramparts builder”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *bikjaną (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *bangōną (see there for further descendants)
- Sanskrit: भङ्ग (bhaṅgá)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaǰ-
  - Proto-Iranian: *baǰ-^[11]
    - (perhaps) Khotanese: bajsīha- (“mortar”)
    - Persian: سونجه (sunje), [script needed] (vsönǰ-), [script needed] (sönǰ-, “to tear, break”) (Tār dialect)

Root 2[edit]

*bʰeg-

to bend, curve, arch ^?
to billow, swell
a body of water: river ~ marsh, bog ^?

Alternative forms[edit]

*bʰeng-

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeg- (bend)‎ (7 c, 0 e)

*bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infixed present)
- ⇒ *bʰeng- (virtual root) (back-formed)
  - ⇒? *bʰong-éh₂^[12] (unless from the sense “to break” above^[13])
    - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bangā́ˀ
      - Latvian: bañga, buôga (“multitude, crowd, grove; downpour, cloud”)
      - Lithuanian: bangà (“billow, wave; multitude”)
  - ⇒ *bʰong-i-s
    - >? Proto-Germanic: *bankiz (“bulge, hillock; bench”)^{[note 1]} (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ *bʰong-ō
    - >? Proto-Germanic: *bankô (“bank; hill”)^[12]^{[note 1]} (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ *bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és
    - >? Proto-Germanic: *bunkô (“bump, heap; bunch, crowd”)^{[note 1]} (see there for further descendants)
*bʰog-i-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *bakiz (“brook; beach”) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰog-o-m
- >? Proto-Germanic: *baką (“back”) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰóg-ō ~ *bʰg-né-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *bakô, *bakkô
  - >? Proto-West Germanic: *bakō (“back”), *bakkō (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: [Term?] (“swamp, bog, marsh”)
  - >? Lithuanian: bognà
  - Proto-Slavic: *bagnò (see there for further descendants)

Notes[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Alternatively from *bʰenǵʰ- (“to swell, be thick”), with devoicing in the Germanic oblique n-stems from *gn to *kk via Kluge's law, followed by degemination.

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bheg-, bheng-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 114-115
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 66-67
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeg-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 6
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*bʰeg-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bego-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “bekanem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 174-175
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “bengti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 86-87
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “baigti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “beigti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pkante*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 439
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 3-4
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bankan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “banga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

[note_1-14] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Alternatively from *bʰenǵʰ- (“to swell, be thick”), with devoicing in the Germanic oblique n-stems from *gn to *kk via Kluge's law, followed by degemination.

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bheg-, bheng-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 114-115

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 66-67

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeg-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 6

[TOitPIEatPIEw-4] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*bʰeg-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press

[Matasovic-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bego-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60

[Martirosyan-6] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “bekanem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 174-175

[7] Derksen, Rick (2015) “bengti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 86-87

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) “baigti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[9] Derksen, Rick (2015) “beigti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

[Adams2013-10] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pkante*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 439

[Cheung2007-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 3-4

[EDPG51-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bankan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51

[13] Derksen, Rick (2015) “banga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

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[note 1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-

Contents

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Root 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Root 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

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