Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-okъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Nominal suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kós.

Suffix

*-òkъ m

1. (Regional) From feminine animal nouns (usually in i-stem), forms the respective masculine counter-part (in South Slavic)

   *pъtъka (“duck”) → *pъtokъ (“drake”)

   *mečьka f (“bear”) → *mečokъ f (“bear”)

   *gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsokъ (“gander”)

   *myšь f (“mouse”) → *myšokъ m (“mouse”)

2. From adjectives, forms a carrier of the adjective

   Synonyms: *-ьcь, *-ežь, *-ьjь

   *moldъ (“young”) → *moldokъ (“novice, youth, young tree”)

   *starъ (“old”) → *starokъ (“veteran, elderly”)

   *slěpъ (“blind”) → *slěpokъ (“blind creature/person”)

   Pre-Slavic *sklǫbъ (“lateral”) → *xlǫbokъ (“hip”)

3. From prepositions, forms a carrier of the adjective

   0-grade of *per (“for, per”) → *prokъ (“remnant, remainder”)

Declension

Declension of *-okъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-okъ	*-oka	*-oci
genitive	*-oka	*-oku	*-okъ
dative	*-oku	*-okoma	*-okomъ
accusative	*-okъ	*-oka	*-oky
instrumental	*-okъmь, *-okomь*	*-okoma	*-oky
locative	*-ocě	*-oku	*-ocěxъ
vocative	*-oče	*-oka	*-oci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *-opъ, *-otъ, *-očь
• *-akъ
• *-ъkъ m, *-ъka f
• *-ьcь m, *-ica f, *-ьce n

Etymology 2

Adjectival suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

Suffix

*-òkъ

1. From gauge nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning: -y

   *glǫbь (“depth”) → *glǫbokъ (“deep”)

   *vysь (“height, elevation”) → *vysokъ (“high, elevated”)

   *širь (“scope, vast space”) → *širokъ (“wide”)

   *dalь (“distance”) → *dalekъ (“distant”)

   *žestь (“stiffness”) → *žestokъ (“cruel, severe”)

   Pre-Slavic *grǫstь (“roughness, cavity”) → *grǫstokъ (“rough, sturdy”)

Alternative forms

• *-ekъ (when appended to yo-stems)

Declension

Indefinite declension of *-okъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-okъ	*-oka	*-oko
genitive	*-oka	*-oky	*-oka
dative	*-oku	*-ocě	*-oku
accusative	*-okъ	*-okǫ	*-oko
instrumental	*-okomь	*-okojǫ	*-okomь
locative	*-ocě	*-ocě	*-ocě
vocative	*-oče	*-oko	*-oko
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-oka	*-ocě	*-ocě
genitive	*-oku	*-oku	*-oku
dative	*-okoma	*-okama	*-okoma
accusative	*-oka	*-ocě	*-ocě
instrumental	*-okoma	*-okama	*-okoma
locative	*-oku	*-oku	*-oku
vocative	*-oka	*-ocě	*-ocě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-oci	*-oky	*-oka
genitive	*-okъ	*-okъ	*-okъ
dative	*-okomъ	*-okamъ	*-okomъ
accusative	*-oky	*-oky	*-oka
instrumental	*-oky	*-okami	*-oky
locative	*-ocěxъ	*-okaxъ	*-ocěxъ
vocative	*-oci	*-oky	*-oka

Definite declension of *-okъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-okъjь	*-okaja	*-okoje
genitive	*-okajego	*-okyję̇	*-okajego
dative	*-okujemu	*-ocěji	*-okujemu
accusative	*-okъjь	*-okǫjǫ	*-okoje
instrumental	*-okyjimь	*-okǫjǫ	*-okyjimь
locative	*-ocějemь	*-ocěji	*-ocějemь
vocative	*-okъjь	*-okaja	*-okoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-okaja	*-ocěji	*-ocěji
genitive	*-okuju	*-okuju	*-okuju
dative	*-okyjima	*-okyjima	*-okyjima
accusative	*-okaja	*-ocěji	*-ocěji
instrumental	*-okyjima	*-okyjima	*-okyjima
locative	*-okuju	*-okuju	*-okuju
vocative	*-okaja	*-ocěji	*-ocěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-ociji	*-okyję̇	*-okaja
genitive	*-okъjixъ	*-okъjixъ	*-okъjixъ
dative	*-okyjimъ	*-okyjimъ	*-okyjimъ
accusative	*-okyję̇	*-okyję̇	*-okaja
instrumental	*-okyjimi	*-okyjimi	*-okyjimi
locative	*-okyjixъ	*-okyjixъ	*-okyjixъ
vocative	*-ociji	*-okyję̇	*-okaja

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ

Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ekъ not found

References

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мишо̀к¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 144
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moldokъ/*moldoka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 169
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*grǫstokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 147

Further reading

• Villnow Komárková, Jana, Blažek, Václav (2011) “Slovanské *širъ & *širokъ”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 59, numbers 1-2, page 122