Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/et
Proto-Turkic
[edit]Alternative Reconstructions
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Usually considered a simplex, being one of the oldest Turkic words and found in every branch except Arghu. In some branches, *et is replaced by *(i)aĺ (or Common Turkic *aš) with the older word undergoing a semantic shift from "meat" to "body" via the intermediary compound *et + *ȫz ("flesh and spirit, man").
According to Borovkov (1961), this word may be a loanword from Sogdian [Term?][1].
Altaicists compare this root with Literary Mongolian ᠠᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠ (adasqa, “skin, leather”), Orok [script needed] (pē̆te, “seal meat”) (see also Manchu ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡨᡥᡳ (huwethi, “seal (animal)”), from the same supposed root, although this is not mentioned in the EDAL's entry) and Japanese 肌 (hada, “human skin”) (compared also to Proto-Japonic *panta (“skin”)). However, semantics and phonetic correspondences are hardly fit and such comparisons are severely criticized by mainstream historical linguistics.
Noun
[edit]*et
Declension
[edit]Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *et |
Accusative | *etig, *etni1) |
Genitive | *etniŋ |
Dative | *etke |
Locative | *etde |
Ablative | *etden |
Allative | *etgerü |
Instrumental 2) | *etin |
Equative 2) | *etče |
Similative 2) | *etleyü |
Comitative 2) | *etligü |
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
[edit]- Oghur:
- Common Turkic: *et
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Mamluk-Kipchak: ات (et, “meat for consumption”)
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
- Kipchak-Cuman: et (Codex Cumanicus)
- South Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Siberian Turkic:
References
[edit]- ^ Borovkov, Aleksandr Konstantinovič (1961), Бадā'и’ал-лугат: Словарь Тāли Имāни Гератского к сочинениям Алишера Навои, page 186
- ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳт”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 282
- ^ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳт”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 282
- Borovkov, Aleksandr Konstantinovič (1963) “äт”, in Leksika sredneaziatskovo tefsira. [Lexicon of the Central Asian Tafsir], Moscow: Izdatelʹstvo Vostočnoj Literatury, page 115
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “et”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 33
- Eren, Hasan (1999) “et”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 140
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) “ät”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 51
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “et”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*et”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ElegantLexicon: Turkic Database