aler
Malay
Alternative forms
Verb
aler (1927 - 1972, used in the form mangaler)
Noun
aler (1927 - 1972)
Middle French
Verb
aler
- Alternative form of aller
Conjugation
- Like Modern French aller, highly irregular.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | aler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | estre + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | alant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of estre + past participle | ||||||
past participle | alé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | vays | vas | va | alons | alez | vont |
imperfect | alois | alois | aloit | alions | aliez | aloient | |
past historic | alai | alas | ala | alasmes | alastes | alerent | |
future | iroye, yroie | iras, yras | ira, yra | irons, yrons | irez, yrez | iront, yront | |
conditional | irois, yrois | irois, yrois | iroit, yroit | irions, yrions | iriez, yriez | iroient, yroient | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | aille | ailles | aille | alions | aliez | aillent |
imperfect | alasse | alasses | alast | alassions | alassiez | alassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | va | — | alons | alez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of estre + past participle | — | simple imperative of estre + past participle | simple imperative of estre + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Old French
Alternative forms
- aller (less common)
Etymology
A suppletive verb, with some parts of the paradigm derived from Latin vadō and eō. See modern French aller for more information, particularly on the origin of the all- forms, which may come from a Vulgar Latin alāre (7th century, Reichenau glosses), possibly from Gaulish or from an earlier *amlāre, alteration of ambulāre.
Verb
aler
- to go (move, change place)
- circa 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- Li borgeiz de la vile sont as portes alé
- The inhabitants of the town went to the ports
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular and it is suppletive. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | aler | estre alé | |||||
gerund | en alant | gerund of estre + past participle | |||||
present participle | alant | ||||||
past participle | alé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | vois, vai | vais, vas | vait, va | alons | alez | vont |
imperfect | aloie, aleie, aloe, aleve | aloies, aleies, aloes, aleves | aloit, aleit, alot, aleve | aliiens, aliens | aliiez, aliez | aloient, aleient, aloent, alevent | |
preterite | alai | alas | ala | alames | alastes | alerent | |
future | irai | iras | ira | irons | iroiz, ireiz, irez | iront | |
conditional | iroie, ireie | iroies, ireies | iroit, ireit | iriiens, iriens | iriiez, iriez | iroient, ireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | voise, aille, alge, auge | voises, ailles, alges, auges | voise, voist, aille, aut, algeṭ, auge | voisiens, voisons, alons, ailliens, aillons, algiens, aljons, augiens, aujons | voisiez, alez, ailliez, algiez, algez, augiez, augez | voisent, aillent, algent, augent |
imperfect | alasse | alasses | alast | alissons, alissiens | alissoiz, alissez, alissiez | alassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | vas, va | — | alons | alez | — |
Descendants
- Middle French: aller
- French: aller
- Norman: allaïr, allaer (continental Normandy); aller (Jersey), aller
- Walloon: aler
References
- “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 150
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French aler, a suppletive verb, with some parts of the paradigm derived from Latin vadō and eō. See modern French aller for more information, particularly on the origin of the al- forms, which may come from a Vulgar Latin alāre (7th century, Reichenau glosses), possibly from Gaulish or from an earlier *amlāre, alteration of ambulāre.
Pronunciation
Verb
aler
- to go
Conjugation
infinitive | aler | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | alant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveur | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sitî | sitou | |||||
plural | sitîs | sitous | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | dji (dj') | ti (t') | i (il) / ele | dji (dj') / nos | vos | i (il) | |
present | va | vas | va | djans or alans | alez | vont or alèt | |
imperfect | aléve | aléves | aléve | aléns | alîz | alént | |
preterit | ala | alas | ala | alîs | alîz | alît | |
future | irè | irès | irè | irans | iroz | iront | |
conditional | ireu | ireus | ireut | iréns | irîz | irént | |
subjunctive | ki dj' | ki t' | k' i (il) / k' ele | ki dj' / ki nos | ki vos | k' i (il) | |
present | våye | våyes | våye | alanxhe | aléxhe | våynuxhe or alèxhe | |
present | alaxhe | alaxhes | alaxhe | alénxhe | alîxhe | alénxhe | |
imperative | — | ti | — | dji / nos | vos | — | |
affirmative | va | djans or alans | alez |
- Malay lemmas
- Malay verbs
- Malay obsolete forms
- Malay nouns
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French third group verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Gaulish
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
- Walloon terms inherited from Old French
- Walloon terms derived from Old French
- Walloon terms inherited from Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Latin
- Walloon terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Gaulish
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Walloon lemmas
- Walloon verbs