dirigo

Italian

Alternative forms

• diriggo (misspelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diˈri.ɡo/, (regional) /diˈriɡ.ɡo/
• Rhymes: -iɡo, (regional) -iɡɡo
• Hyphenation: di‧rì‧go

Verb

dirigo

1. first-person singular present indicative of dirigere

Anagrams

• gridio, rigido, rigodi

Latin

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *dwizregō. By surface analysis, dis- +‎ regō (“to rule, govern”).

For the meaning development compare with Russian напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct, to turn, to aim, to level, to point”), отпра́вить (otprávitʹ, “to send, to dispatch, to forward”) connected with пра́вить (právitʹ, “to govern, to rule, to drive, to steer”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdiː.rɪ.ɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈdiː.ri.ɡo]

Verb

dīrigō (present infinitive dīrigere, perfect active dīrēxī, supine dīrēctum); third conjugation

1. to lay straight; arrange in lines (especially in military contexts)
2. to direct to a place, guide, steer
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.466:

     dīriget in mediō quis mea vēla fretō?

     Who will guide my sails amidst the sea?

3. to distribute, scatter

Conjugation

   Conjugation of dīrigō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	dīrigō		dīrigis		dīrigit		dīrigimus		dīrigitis		dīrigunt
	imperfect	dīrigēbam		dīrigēbās		dīrigēbat		dīrigēbāmus		dīrigēbātis		dīrigēbant
	future	dīrigam		dīrigēs		dīriget		dīrigēmus		dīrigētis		dīrigent
	perfect	dīrēxī		dīrēxistī		dīrēxit		dīrēximus		dīrēxistis		dīrēxērunt, dīrēxēre
	pluperfect	dīrēxeram		dīrēxerās		dīrēxerat		dīrēxerāmus		dīrēxerātis		dīrēxerant
	future perfect	dīrēxerō		dīrēxeris		dīrēxerit		dīrēxerimus		dīrēxeritis		dīrēxerint
passive	present	dīrigor		dīrigeris, dīrigere		dīrigitur		dīrigimur		dīrigiminī		dīriguntur
	imperfect	dīrigēbar		dīrigēbāris, dīrigēbāre		dīrigēbātur		dīrigēbāmur		dīrigēbāminī		dīrigēbantur
	future	dīrigar		dīrigēris, dīrigēre		dīrigētur		dīrigēmur		dīrigēminī		dīrigentur
	perfect	dīrēctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	dīrēctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	dīrēctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	dīrigam		dīrigās		dīrigat		dīrigāmus		dīrigātis		dīrigant
	imperfect	dīrigerem		dīrigerēs		dīrigeret		dīrigerēmus		dīrigerētis		dīrigerent
	perfect	dīrēxerim		dīrēxerīs		dīrēxerit		dīrēxerīmus		dīrēxerītis		dīrēxerint
	pluperfect	dīrēxissem		dīrēxissēs		dīrēxisset		dīrēxissēmus		dīrēxissētis		dīrēxissent
passive	present	dīrigar		dīrigāris, dīrigāre		dīrigātur		dīrigāmur		dīrigāminī		dīrigantur
	imperfect	dīrigerer		dīrigerēris, dīrigerēre		dīrigerētur		dīrigerēmur		dīrigerēminī		dīrigerentur
	perfect	dīrēctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	dīrēctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		dīrige		—		—		dīrigite		—
	future	—		dīrigitō		dīrigitō		—		dīrigitōte		dīriguntō
passive	present	—		dīrigere		—		—		dīrigiminī		—
	future	—		dīrigitor		dīrigitor		—		—		dīriguntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		dīrigere			dīrigī			dīrigēns			—
future		dīrēctūrum esse			dīrēctum īrī			dīrēctūrus			dīrigendus, dīrigundus
perfect		dīrēxisse			dīrēctum esse			—			dīrēctus
future perfect		—			dīrēctum fore			—			—
perfect potential		dīrēctūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		dīrigendī		dīrigendō		dīrigendum		dīrigendō		dīrēctum		dīrēctū

Descendants

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • ⇒ Aromanian: ãndreg, ãndregu, ndreg, ndregu, andreg, andregu (prefixed)
  • Romanian: drege, dregere
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: dirigere, direggere
    • →? Piedmontese: dirige
    • → Sicilian: dirìggiri
  • Sicilian: dirìjiri
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: derdre
  • Old Occitan: derdre, derzer
    • Occitan: derdre
      • Gascon: dérser
    • ⇒ Old Provençal: *adergar
      • → Catalan: adergar (prefixed)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    • ⇒ Portuguese: adergar, adregar (prefixed)
• Borrowings:
  • → Albanian: dërgoj
  • → Asturian: dirixir
  • → Catalan: dirigir
  • → Dutch: dirigeren
  • → French: diriger
    • Haitian Creole: dirije
    • → Dutch: dirigeren
    • → Romanian: dirija
    • → Russian: дирижировать (dirižirovatʹ)
  • → Galician: dirixir
  • → German: dirigieren
  • → Luxembourgish: dirigéieren
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: dirigere
  • → Old Irish: dírgid
    • Irish: dírigh
  • → Polish: dyrygować
  • → Portuguese: dirigir
  • → Romanian: dirigui
  • → Spanish: dirigir

References

• “dirigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dirigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dirigo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to journey towards a place: iter aliquo dirigere, intendere
    
  • to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem
    
  • to set one's course for a place: cursum dirigere aliquo