fardel

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɑː(ɹ)dəl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Etymology 1

A clipped form of Middle English ferthendel (literally “fourth part”), equivalent to fourth +‎ deal. Cognate with Dutch vierendeel (“a fourth part, quarter”), German Viertel (“a quarter, fourth”), Danish fjerdedel (“a quarter”), Swedish fjärdedel (“a fourth, quarter”).

Alternative forms

• farthel, farl

Noun

fardel (plural fardels)

1. A fourth part: a quarter of anything.
   • c. 1666, W. Sutherland in R. Wodrow's The history of the sufferings of the Church of Scotland, from the Restauration to the Revolution, volume I, Appendix: page 101:

     I... bought a Farthel of Bread and a Mutckin of Ale.

2. (historical) An English unit of land area variously understood as the fourth part of an oxgang or of a yardland.
   • a. 1634, W. Noye, The Complete Lawyer, section 57:

     You must note, that two Fardells of Land make a Nooke of Land, and two Nookes make halfe a Yard of Land.

   • 1706, Phillips's New World of Words:

     Fardel of Land, the fourth part of a Yard-land.

Synonyms

• (fourth of anything): See quarter
• (fourth of a yardland): See nook

Hypernyms

• (fourth of anything): See third (1+¹⁄₃ quarters & for smaller subdivisions)
• (fourth of a yardland): See oxgang (2 fardels & for larger divisions)
• (fourth of an oxgang): See nook (2 fardels & for larger divisions)

Hyponyms

• (fourth of anything): See fifth (⁴⁄₅ of a quarter & for smaller subdivisions)
• (unit of land area): See acre (Various & for small subdivisions)

Derived terms

• fardel-bound

Related terms

• farthingdeal, a much smaller division of land making up ¹⁄₄ acre

Etymology 2

From Middle English fardel, from Old French fardel (“pack, bundle”), from Spanish fardel, diminutive of fardo (“pack, bundle”), from Arabic فَرْد (fard, “one of a pair”), as applied to saddlebags.

Alternative forms

• fardle
• farthel

Noun

fardel (plural fardels)

1. (obsolete) A bundle or burden.
   • 1597–1598, T[homas] M[iddleton], “Satyre 2. Prodigall Zodon.”, in Micro-cynicon: Sixe Snarling Satyres. […], imprinted at London: By Thomas Creede, for Thomas Bushell, […], published 1599, →OCLC; republished as [Edward Vernon Utterson], editor, Micro-cynicon: Sixe Snarling Satyres, [Ryde, Isle of Wight?]: Reprinted at the Beldornie Press, by G. E. Palmer, for Edwd. V. Utterson, 1842, →OCLC:

     Hees forc't to trot with fardle at his backe, / From houſe to houſe, demaunding if they lacke / A poore yong man that's willing to take paine, / And mickle labour, though for little gaine.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     [W]ho would fardels beare / To grunt and ſweat vnder a wearie life, / But that the dread of ſomething after death, / The vndiſcouer'd country, from whoſe borne / No trauiler returnes, puzzels the will, / And makes vs rather beare thoſe ills we haue, / Then flie to others that we know not of.

   • 1855 [1606], Henry Middleton, Bolton Corney (editor), The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to Bantam and the Maluco Islands, page 13 (of Appendix):

     It doth also appear by the abbreviate of the accounts sent home out of the Indies, that there remained in the hands of the agent, master Starkey, 482 fardels of calicos, viz.: 8 canisters of pintados, and 117 fardels of checkered stuffs, 51 fardels of long malow girdles, […].

   • 1897, Francis Thompson, “[Miscellaneous Odes.] An Anthem of Earth.”, in New Poems, Westminster [London]: Archibald Constable and Co., →OCLC, anthem, page 139:

     This to the shunless fardel of the world / Nerves my uncurbèd back; […]

   • 1954, Anya Seyton, Katherine:

     “God in his mercy be thanked” said Katherine. “My dear Lord is then truly and honestly rid of his fardel.”

Verb

fardel (third-person singular simple present fardels, present participle (US) fardeling or (UK) fardelling, simple past and past participle (US) fardeled or (UK) fardelled)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To make up in fardels; to bunch.
   • 1607, Andrew Willet, Loidoromastix:

     Here are foure vntruths fardelled vp together

Anagrams

• Alfred, Falder, fardle, farled, flared, larfed

Basque

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish fardel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fardel/ [far.ð̞el]
• Rhymes: -ardel, -el
• Hyphenation: far‧del

Noun

fardel inan

1. bundle, package

   Synonyms: barren, barru

Declension

Declension of fardel (inan C-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	fardel	fardela	fardelak	fardelok
ergative	fardelek	fardelak	fardelek	fardelok
dative	fardeli	fardelari	fardelei	fardeloi
genitive	fardelen	fardelaren	fardelen	fardelon
comitative	fardelekin	fardelarekin	fardelekin	fardelokin
causative	fardelengatik	fardelarengatik	fardelengatik	fardelongatik
benefactive	fardelentzat	fardelarentzat	fardelentzat	fardelontzat
instrumental	fardelez	fardelaz	fardelez	fardelotaz
inessive	fardeletan	fardelean	fardeletan	fardelotan
locative	fardeletako	fardeleko	fardeletako	fardelotako
allative	fardeletara	fardelera	fardeletara	fardelotara
terminative	fardeletaraino	fardeleraino	fardeletaraino	fardelotaraino
directive	fardeletarantz	fardelerantz	fardeletarantz	fardelotarantz
destinative	fardeletarako	fardelerako	fardeletarako	fardelotarako
ablative	fardeletatik	fardeletik	fardeletatik	fardelotatik
partitive	fardelik	—	—	—
prolative	fardeltzat	—	—	—

Derived terms

• fardeleria
• fardelkeria (“flimsiness”)
• fardeltoki

Further reading

• “fardel”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “fardel”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Middle English

Alternative forms

• fardell, fardill, ffardell

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French fardel (“pack, bundle”), from Spanish fardel, diminutive of fardo (“pack, bundle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfardɛl/

Noun

fardel (plural fardeles)

1. pack, bundle

Descendants

• English: fardel
• Yola: fardele

References

• “fardel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.