grima

See also: gríma and Gríma

Albanian

Noun

grima

1. inflection of grimë:
   1. definite nominative singular
   2. indefinite nominative/accusative plural

French

Pronunciation

• Homophones: grimas, grimât

Verb

grima

1. third-person singular past historic of grimer

Galician

Alternative forms

• grimo

Etymology

Probably from Gothic, from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask”). Cognate with Portuguese grima and Spanish grima.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɾimɐ]

Noun

grima f (plural grimas)

1. fear, creeps, uneasiness
   • 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

     Ay Jesús! miña Joiña!
     non falemos nesto mais,
     que dá grima sò o pensalo,
     Deus vos garde bo é san.
     Santiago. Febreiro doce
     Aÿ! que non sey que me dà,
     que me esfraquezo de todo,
     è non podo vafexàr.

     Oh, Jesus! My Jewel!
     Let's not talk about this anymore
     because it gives one the creeps just to think about it.
     God take care of you, safe and sound.
     Santiago, February twelve
     Oh!, I don't know what happens to me
     I'm totally weakening
     and I can't breath

   • 1777, anonymous author, Urca, page 5:

     foi tal o terror que concibeu neste aflicto, que cando se vai lavar hastr'a auga lle dá grimo

     he built such a terror because of that affliction, that when he's going to wash himself even the water gives him the creeps

Derived terms

• dar grima
• grimar

Further reading

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “grimo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “grima”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “grima”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “grima”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• grimjo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡrʲima/

Verb

grima

1. third-person singular present of grimaś

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

grima f

1. definite singular of grime

Verb

grima

1. past tense of grime
2. supine of grime

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡriː.mɑ/

Noun

grima f

1. definite singular of grime
2. (pre-2012) alternative form of grime

Verb

grima (present tense grimar, past tense grima, past participle grima, passive infinitive grimast, present participle grimande, imperative grima/grim)

1. a-infinitive form of grime

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *grīmō, from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask”). Cognate with Old Frisian grīma, Old Saxon grīmo, Old High German grīmo, Old Norse gríma, Gothic *𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 (*greima).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriː.mɑ/

Noun

grīma m

1. mask
2. helmet, visor
3. specter, ghost; apparition

Declension

Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	grīma	grīman
accusative	grīman	grīman
genitive	grīman	grīmena
dative	grīman	grīmum

Derived terms

• beadugrīma, beadogrīma (“war-mask, helmet”)
• grīmhelm (“helmet with visor”)
• heregrīma

Descendants

• Middle English: grim, grime
  • English: grime
  • Scots: grime

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French grimer.

Verb

a grima (third-person singular present grimează, past participle grimat) 1st conjugation

1. to make up (about actors)

Conjugation

    conjugation of grima (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a grima
gerund			grimând
past participle			grimat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	grimez	grimezi	grimează	grimăm	grimați	grimează
	imperfect	grimam	grimai	grima	grimam	grimați	grimau
	simple perfect	grimai	grimași	grimă	grimarăm	grimarăți	grimară
	pluperfect	grimasem	grimaseși	grimase	grimaserăm	grimaserăți	grimaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să grimez	să grimezi	să grimeze	să grimăm	să grimați	să grimeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		grimează			grimați
	negative		nu grima			nu grimați

References

• grima in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Spanish

Etymology

From Gothic *𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌼𐍃 (*grimms), from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz (“grim, angry, fierce”). Cognate with English grim.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾima/ [ˈɡɾi.ma]
• Rhymes: -ima
• Syllabification: gri‧ma

Noun

grima f (uncountable)

1. disgust, uneasiness

Derived terms

• dar grima

Further reading

• “grima”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024