grund

See also: Grund

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• gruond, grunt

Etymology

From Latin grandis, grandem.

Adjective

grund

1. big, large, great

See also

• maur

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡ̊ʁɔnˀ]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grunnr (“shallow”).

Alternative forms

• grundet

Adjective

grund (neuter grundt, plural and definite singular attributive grunde)

1. shallow

Inflection

Inflection of grund

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	grund	—	—2
indefinite neuter singular	grundt	—	—2
plural	grunde	—	—2
definite attributive1	grunde	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: grunn

Etymology 2

A convergence of two Old Norse words, grund (“a plain”) and grunn (“a shallow”).

Noun

grund c (singular definite grunden, plural indefinite grunde)

1. reason (a cause)

   Synonym: årsag

2. motive (incentive to act; a reason)
3. site, plot

   Jeg har købt en grund på 200 kvm.

   I've bought a plot of 200 square meters.

4. foundation, basis

   grundlov (“constitution”)

5. shoal, shallow (area of shallow water)

Declension

Declension of grund

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	grund	grunden	grunde	grundene
genitive	grunds	grundens	grundes	grundenes

Derived terms

• baggrund
• bevæggrund
• byggegrund
• erhvervsgrund
• forgrund
• grundbestanddel
• grundbetingelse
• grunde
• grundejer
• grundfilosofi
• grundfjeld
• grundlag
• grundlov
• grundløs
• grundmur
• grundskat
• grundsten
• grundstykke
• grundvand
• grundydelse
• industrigrund
• klippegrund
• mellemgrund
• naturgrund
• parcelhusgrund
• skilsmissegrund
• undergrund

See also

• basis

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: grunn

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

grund

1. imperative of grunde

References

• “grund” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “grund” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse grund (compare grunnr), from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krʏnt/
• Rhymes: -ʏnt

Noun

grund f (genitive singular grundar, nominative plural grundir)

1. ground

   Synonym: jörð f

   Ég er kominn aftur á íslenska grund.

   I've returned to Icelandic ground.

Declension

Declension of grund (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	grund	grundin	grundir	grundirnar
accusative	grund	grundina	grundir	grundirnar
dative	grund, grundu	grundinni	grundum	grundunum
genitive	grundar	grundarinnar	grunda	grundanna

Further reading

• Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2026), “grund”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
• “grund” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
• “grund”, in Ritmálssafn Orðabókar Háskólans [The Written Collection of the Lexicological Institute] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *grundu, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrund/
• Rhymes: -und

Noun

grund m (nominative plural grundas)

1. ground
   • Caedmon's metrical paraphrase

     ...And ǣrest āmet ufan tō grunde and hū sīd sē swarta ēðm sēo.

     ...and first measure from above to its ground, how wide the black vapour is.

2. bottom, foundation

   Ǣlċ sǣ, þēah hēo dēop sīe, hæfþ grund on þǣre eorðan.

   Every sea, no matter how deep, has a bottom in the Earth.

   • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church

     Đā ġesēah hē swymman sċealfran on flōde, and ġelōme doppettan ādūne tō grunde, ēhtende ðearle þǣre ēa fixa.

     Then he saw loons swim in the water, and often dive down toward the bottom, eagerly chasing the fish of the river.

3. abyss, (in the plural) depths

   of grundum

   from the depths

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	grund	grundas
accusative	grund	grundas
genitive	grundes	grunda
dative	grunde	grundum

Derived terms

• ġegrundweallian (“to found”)
• grundlēas (“bottomless”)
• grundlunga, grundlinga (“to the ground, completely”)
• grundstān (“foundation stone”)
• grundweall (“foundation”)
• hellegrund (“abyss of hell”)

Descendants

• Middle English: ground, grund, grounde
  • English: ground
    • Tok Pisin: graun
  • Geordie: grund, groond
  • Scots: grund, groond, greund
  • Yola: greoune, greoun, greound

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grundō f, feminin form of *grundr m, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.

Related to Old Norse grunn (“shallow, shoal”). Possibly derived from Old Norse gróa (“to grow”).

Noun

grund f (genitive grundar, plural grundir)

1. (expanse of) land
2. green field, grassy plain

Declension

Declension of grund (strong i-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	grund	grundin	grundir	grundirnar
accusative	grund	grundina	grundir	grundirnar
dative	grund, grundu	grundinni	grundum	grundunum
genitive	grundar	grundarinnar	grunda	grundanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: grund f
• Faroese: grund f
• Swedish: grund c
• Danish: grund c

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “grund”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grunduz.

Noun

grund m

1. ground, foundation, abyss, plain, earth

Declension

grund (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	grund	grundos
accusative	grund	grundos
genitive	grundes	grundō
dative	grunde	grundum
instrumental	—	—

Scots

Alternative forms

• greund, groond

Etymology

From Middle English ground, from Old English grund.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrʌnd/

Noun

grund (plural grunds)

1. (Southern Scots) ground
   • 1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, Thrawn Janet:

     […] the auld, deid, desecrated corp o' the witch-wife […] lowed up like a brunstane spunk and fell in ashes to the grund […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• “grund, n., v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grunnr (“shallow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɵnd/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

grund (comparative grundare, superlative grundast)

1. shallow

Declension

Inflection of grund

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	grund	grundare	grundast
neuter singular	grunt	grundare	grundast
plural	grunda	grundare	grundast
masculine plural2	grunde	grundare	grundast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	grunde	grundare	grundaste
all	grunda	grundare	grundaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

• långgrund

Etymology 2

A convergence of two Old Norse words, grund (“a plain”) and grunn (“a shallow”).

Noun

grund c

1. ground, land

   Huset är byggt på ofri grund.

   The house is built on non-freehold property.

2. the foundation of a building; the part of the outer walls of a house which extends below the level of the floor, and down to the ground.
3. a fundament, a foundation, a basis, fundamentals; what other constructions (physical or metaphorical) rely on
4. cause; reason
5. a reef or shallow in water

Declension

Declension of grund

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	grund	grunds
	definite	grunden	grundens
plural	indefinite	grunder	grunders
	definite	grunderna	grundernas

Synonyms

• orsak c (4)

Related terms

• grunda
• grundlig
• grundlägga
• grundplåt
• grundskola
• husgrund
• krypgrund
• torpargrund

Noun

grund n

1. An area of shallow water in a large body of water, which causes a potential danger to boats or ships.

Declension

Declension of grund

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	grund	grunds
	definite	grundet	grundets
plural	indefinite	grund	grunds
	definite	grunden	grundens

Related terms

• grundkänning
• grundstötning

Further reading

• “grund”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)