infligir

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnflīgere, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Northwestern) [iɱ.fliˈʒi]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [iɱ.fliˈd͡ʒiɾ]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

infligir (first-person singular present infligeixo, first-person singular preterite infligí, past participle infligit)

1. to inflict

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of infligir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			infligir
gerund			infligint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		infligit		infligida
		plural		infligits		infligides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	infligeixo	infligeixes	infligeix	infligim	infligiu	infligeixen
	imperfect	infligia	infligies	infligia	infligíem	infligíeu	infligien
	future	infligiré	infligiràs	infligirà	infligirem	infligireu	infligiran
	preterite	infligí	infligires	infligí	infligírem	infligíreu	infligiren
	conditional	infligiria	infligiries	infligiria	infligiríem	infligiríeu	infligirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	infligeixi	infligeixis	infligeixi	infligim	infligiu	infligeixin
	imperfect	infligís	infligissis	infligís	infligíssim	infligíssiu	infligissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	infligeix	infligeixi	infligim	infligiu	infligeixin
	negative (no)	—	no infligeixis	no infligeixi	no infligim	no infligiu	no infligeixin

Related terms

• inflicció

Further reading

• “infligir”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “infligir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “infligir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “infligir”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ-der.

Latin fligo

Latin īnflīgerelbor.

Portuguese infligir

Learned borrowing from Latin īnflīgere.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒi(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fliˈʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒi(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fliˈʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒi(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fliˈʒi(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.fliˈʒi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: in‧fli‧gir

Verb

infligir (first-person singular present inflijo, first-person singular preterite infligi, past participle infligido)

1. to inflict

Conjugation

    Conjugation of infligir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	infligir
Personal	infligir	infligires	infligir	infligirmos	infligirdes	infligirem
Gerund
	infligindo
Past participle
Masculine	infligido			infligidos
Feminine	infligida			infligidas
Indicative
Present	inflijo	infliges	inflige	infligimos	infligis	infligem
Imperfect	infligia	infligias	infligia	infligíamos	infligíeis	infligiam
Preterite	infligi	infligiste	infligiu	infligimos	infligistes	infligiram
Pluperfect	infligira	infligiras	infligira	infligíramos	infligíreis	infligiram
Future	infligirei	infligirás	infligirá	infligiremos	infligireis	infligirão
Conditional	infligiria	infligirias	infligiria	infligiríamos	infligiríeis	infligiriam
Subjunctive
Present	inflija	inflijas	inflija	inflijamos	inflijais	inflijam
Imperfect	infligisse	infligisses	infligisse	infligíssemos	infligísseis	infligissem
Future	infligir	infligires	infligir	infligirmos	infligirdes	infligirem
Imperative
Affirmative		inflige	inflija	inflijamos	infligi	inflijam
Negative (não)		não inflijas	não inflija	não inflijamos	não inflijais	não inflijam

Related terms

• inflicção

Further reading

• “infligir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ-der.

Latin fligo

Latin īnflīgerebor.

Spanish infligir

Borrowed from Latin īnflīgere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /infliˈxiɾ/ [ĩɱ.fliˈxiɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: in‧fli‧gir

Verb

infligir (first-person singular present inflijo, first-person singular preterite infligí, past participle infligido)

1. to inflict

Conjugation

    Conjugation of infligir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			infligir
gerund			infligiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		infligido		infligida
		plural		infligidos		infligidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	inflijo	infligestú infligísvos	inflige	infligimos	infligís	infligen
	imperfect	infligía	infligías	infligía	infligíamos	infligíais	infligían
	preterite	infligí	infligiste	infligió	infligimos	infligisteis	infligieron
	future	infligiré	infligirás	infligirá	infligiremos	infligiréis	infligirán
	conditional	infligiría	infligirías	infligiría	infligiríamos	infligiríais	infligirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	inflija	inflijastú inflijásvos2	inflija	inflijamos	inflijáis	inflijan
	imperfect (ra)	infligiera	infligieras	infligiera	infligiéramos	infligierais	infligieran
	imperfect (se)	infligiese	infligieses	infligiese	infligiésemos	infligieseis	infligiesen
	future1	infligiere	infligieres	infligiere	infligiéremos	infligiereis	infligieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		infligetú infligívos	inflija	inflijamos	infligid	inflijan
	negative		no inflijas	no inflija	no inflijamos	no inflijáis	no inflijan

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of infligir (g-j alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive infligir	dative	infligirme	infligirte	infligirle, infligirse	infligirnos	infligiros	infligirles, infligirse
	accusative	infligirme	infligirte	infligirlo, infligirla, infligirse	infligirnos	infligiros	infligirlos, infligirlas, infligirse
with gerund infligiendo	dative	infligiéndome	infligiéndote	infligiéndole, infligiéndose	infligiéndonos	infligiéndoos	infligiéndoles, infligiéndose
	accusative	infligiéndome	infligiéndote	infligiéndolo, infligiéndola, infligiéndose	infligiéndonos	infligiéndoos	infligiéndolos, infligiéndolas, infligiéndose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative inflige	dative	inflígeme	inflígete	inflígele	inflígenos	not used	inflígeles
	accusative	inflígeme	inflígete	inflígelo, inflígela	inflígenos	not used	inflígelos, inflígelas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative infligí	dative	infligime	infligite	infligile	infliginos	not used	infligiles
	accusative	infligime	infligite	infligilo, infligila	infliginos	not used	infligilos, infligilas
with formal second-person singular imperative inflija	dative	inflíjame	not used	inflíjale, inflíjase	inflíjanos	not used	inflíjales
	accusative	inflíjame	not used	inflíjalo, inflíjala, inflíjase	inflíjanos	not used	inflíjalos, inflíjalas
with first-person plural imperative inflijamos	dative	not used	inflijámoste	inflijámosle	inflijámonos	inflijámoos	inflijámosles
	accusative	not used	inflijámoste	inflijámoslo, inflijámosla	inflijámonos	inflijámoos	inflijámoslos, inflijámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative infligid	dative	infligidme	not used	infligidle	infligidnos	infligíos	infligidles
	accusative	infligidme	not used	infligidlo, infligidla	infligidnos	infligíos	infligidlos, infligidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative inflijan	dative	inflíjanme	not used	inflíjanle	inflíjannos	not used	inflíjanles, inflíjanse
	accusative	inflíjanme	not used	inflíjanlo, inflíjanla	inflíjannos	not used	inflíjanlos, inflíjanlas, inflíjanse

Related terms

• inflicción

Further reading

• “infligir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025