iugis

Latin

Etymology 1

From a Proto-Indo-European collocative compound *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy”), Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈-𐬘𐬍 (yauuae-jī), Proto-Germanic *aiwukiz. Contrast iugus.

Alternative forms

• jūgis

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯uː.ɡis/, [ˈi̯uːɡɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.d͡ʒis/, [ˈjuːd͡ʒis]

Adjective

iūgis (neuter iūge, adverb iūgiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. continual, continuous, perpetual, persistent

   Synonyms: continuus, perpetuus

   • 45 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods).Book 2:25:

     Atque id facilius cernemus toto genere hoc igneo quod tranat omnia subtihus exphcato. Omnes igitur partes mundi (tangam autem maximas) calore fultae sustinentur. Quod primum in terrena natura perspici potest. Nam et lapidum conflictu atque tritu ehci ignem videmus et recenti fossione terram fumare calentem,' atque etiam ex puteis iugibus aquam cahdam trahi, et id maxime fieri temporibus hibernis, quod magna vis terrae cavernis contineatur caloris eaque hieme sit densior ob eamque causam calorem insitum in terris contineat artius.

     We shall discern the truth of this more readily from a more detailed account of this all-permeating fiery element as a whole. All the parts of the world (I will however only specify those most important) are supported and sustained by heat. This can be perceived first of all in the element of earth. We see fire produced by striking or rubbing stones together; and when newly dug, 'the earth doth steam with warmth', and also warm water is drawn from perpetual wells, and this occurs most of all in the winter-time, because a great store of heat energy is confined in the caverns of the earth, which in winter is denser and so confines more readily the heat stored in the soil.

2. ceaseless, changeless, incessant, perennial, unceasing, unchanging, uninterrupted, unfailing

   Synonym: perennis

   • 44 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Divinatione (Concerning Divination).Liber 1:112:

     Ne Pherecydes quidem, ille Pythagorae magister, potius divinus habebitur quam physicus, quod, cum vidisset haustam aquam de iugi puteo, terrae motus dixit instare.

     Not even Pherecydes (of Syros), the famous master of Pythagoras, should be considered as a prophet, as opposed to a philosopher of nature, for saying that earthquakes were imminent after he had examined water from a perennial well.

   • 44 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Divinatione (Concerning Divination).Liber 2:13:

     An hoc eiusdem modi est, quale Pherecydeum illud, quod est a te dictum? qui cum aquam ex puteo vidisset haustam, terrae motum dixit futurum. Parum, credo, impudenter, quod, cum factus esset motus, dicere audent, quae vis id effecerit; etiamne futurum esse aquae iugis colore praesentiunt?

     Indeed, in the same vein as that...what is that proverb of yours about Pherecydes? who, after looking at some water just drawn out of a well, predicted an earthquake? I believe it would be presumptuous enough for natural philosophers to attempt to explain the cause of an earthquake after it had happened; but...really, who has the power to tell, from looking at unchanging water, that an earthquake is going to happen? (It should be noted that the tone of Cicero's language in this passage is fraught with sarcasm.)

3. abiding, durative, enduring, lasting, longevous, perduring
   • 21 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Epistularum liber primus (First Book of Letters): 15,16:

     ...maior utrum populum frumenti copia pascat, collectosne bibant imbres puteosne perennes iugis aquae - nam uina nihil moror illius orae.

     (I wonder) whether the supply of grain feeding the populace is greater there, wheteher they drink rainwater gathered in troughs, or from perennial, perduring wells of water (or possibly: from perennial, everlasting wells of water) - because I hesitate with the wine of that region.

4. dependable, reliable, sure, trustworthy
   • late 1st Century BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De Bello Jugurthino (Concerning the Jugurthine War).89,6:

     Eius potiundi Marium maxuma cupido invaserat, cum propter usum belli, tum quia res aspera videbatur et Metellus oppidum Thalam magna gloria ceperat, haud dissimiliter situm munitumque, nisi quod apud Thalam non longe a moenibus aliquot fontes erant, Capsenses una modo atque ea intra oppidum iugi aqua, cetera pluvia utebantur.

     Marius was inspired with tremendous desire of taking this town (of Capsa, in Libya), not only for its military importance, but also because the undertaking seemed hazardous and because Metellus had achieved great glory by the capture of Thala. For Thala was similar in its situation and defences, except that there were some springs not far from the town, whereas the Capsans had merely one reliable (well of) water inside (the walls of) the town, depending apart from that upon rain water.

5. endless, eternal, everlasting

   Synonym: aeternus

   • 191 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Pseudolus Act I, Scene 1, Lines 80-84::

     Calidorus: Miser sum, argentum nusquam invenio mutuom. Pseudolus: Eheu. Calidorus: Neque intus nummus ullus est. PS. Eheu. Calidorus: Ille abducturus est mulierem cras. Pseudolus: Eheu. Calidorus: Istocine pacto me adiuvas? Pseudolus: Do id quod mihi est; nam is mihi thensaurus iugis in nostra est domo.

     Calidorus: I am miserable. I’m not finding anyplace to exchange silver. PS. Oh my. Calidorus: And there isn't any money at home. Pseudolus: Oh my. Calidorus: That man is going to take my girl away tomorrow. Pseudolus: Oh my. Calidorus: Is that the way you help me? Pseudolus: I give what’s mine; this actually, there’s an endless hoard (of money) in our house.

6. (in a special sense, of flowing water) everflowing, flowing, running

   Synonym: fluēns

   • 35 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Satirae Satires, Book 2, Satire 6, Lines 1-4::

     Hoc erat in votis: modus agri non ita magnus, hortus ubi et tecto vicinus iugis aquae fons et paulum silvae super his foret. Auctius atque di melius fecere. Bene est.

     This was in my prayers: a parcel of land not so large, a garden, a spring of water flowing from the rise near the house, and a small amount of woodland above these. The gods have gone big, and done even better. All is well.

   • 4th century CE, Rufus Festus :

     Muries est, quemamodum Veranius docet, ea quae fit ex sa;i sordido, in pila pisato, et in ollam fictilem coniecto, ibique operto qypsatoque et in furno percocto; cui virgines Vestales serra ferrea secto, et in seriam coniecto, quae est intus in aede Vestae in penu exteriore, aquam iugem, vel quamlibet, praeterquam quae per fistulas venit, addunt, atque ea demum in sacrificiis utuntur.

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	iūgis	iūge		iūgēs	iūgia
Genitive	iūgis			iūgium
Dative	iūgī			iūgibus
Accusative	iūgem	iūge		iūgēs iūgīs	iūgia
Ablative	iūgī			iūgibus
Vocative	iūgis	iūge		iūgēs	iūgia

Derived terms

• iūge
• iūgiter

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯u.ɡiːs/, [ˈi̯ʊɡiːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.d͡ʒis/, [ˈjuːd͡ʒis]

Noun

iugīs

1. dative/ablative plural of iugum

References

• “iugis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• iugis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• iugis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) a perpetual spring: aqua iugis, perennis
    

Middle English

Noun

iugis

1. alternative typography of jugis
   • 1382, John Wycliffe, Second Translation of the Vulgate Bible into Middle English Deuteronomy 16:18:

     Thou schalt ordeyne iugis and maystris'... (for the Latin ...iudices et magistros...)

   • 1850, John Wycliffe, quoted in The Holy Bible...in the earliest English versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe and his followers; Oxford University Press; Forshall, J. and Madden, F., eds.; Volume 1, p. 507 :

     jugis and maistris: this word and [maystris] is set for this word [magistros], that is [iudices], for iugis owen to be lernyd in the lawis; in Ebreu it is iugis and exactours; exactours ben thei that enqueren the truthe bi mesurable betingis and turmentis; and performen the sentence of iugis.