ouvrir
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French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French ouvrir, from Old French ovrir, obrir, from Vulgar Latin *operīre, alteration of Classical Latin aperīre, present active infinitive of aperiō (“I open”), perhaps under the influence of cooperīre (“to cover”) (whence couvrir).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ouvrir
- (transitive) to open
- (transitive) to begin
- (reflexive, s'ouvrir, of a door, a gate) to open (become open)
Conjugation[edit]
This verb is conjugated like couvrir and offrir. It is conjugated like a regular -er verb in the present and imperfect indicative, present subjunctive, imperative, and present participle; it is conjugated like a regular -ir verb in the infinitive, future indicative, conditional, past historic, and imperfect subjunctive; and its past participle ouvert is irregular.
Conjugation of ouvrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | ouvrant /u.vʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | ouvert /u.vɛʁ/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | ouvrir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | ouvrant /u.vʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvres /uvʁ/ |
ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvrons /u.vʁɔ̃/ |
ouvrez /u.vʁe/ |
ouvrent /uvʁ/ |
| imperfect | ouvrais /u.vʁɛ/ |
ouvrais /u.vʁɛ/ |
ouvrait /u.vʁɛ/ |
ouvrions /u.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
ouvriez /u.vʁi.je/ |
ouvraient /u.vʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ouvris /u.vʁi/ |
ouvris /u.vʁi/ |
ouvrit /u.vʁi/ |
ouvrîmes /u.vʁim/ |
ouvrîtes /u.vʁit/ |
ouvrirent /u.vʁiʁ/ | |
| future | ouvrirai /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvriras /u.vʁi.ʁa/ |
ouvrira /u.vʁi.ʁa/ |
ouvrirons /u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/ |
ouvrirez /u.vʁi.ʁe/ |
ouvriront /u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ouvrirais /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvrirais /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvrirait /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
ouvririons /u.vʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ouvririez /u.vʁi.ʁje/ |
ouvriraient /u.vʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvres /uvʁ/ |
ouvre /uvʁ/ |
ouvrions /u.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
ouvriez /u.vʁi.je/ |
ouvrent /uvʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | ouvrisse /u.vʁis/ |
ouvrisses /u.vʁis/ |
ouvrît /u.vʁi/ |
ouvrissions /u.vʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
ouvrissiez /u.vʁi.sje/ |
ouvrissent /u.vʁis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ouvre /uvʁ/ |
— | ouvrons /u.vʁɔ̃/ |
ouvrez /u.vʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
This verb is conjugated like couvrir and offrir. It is conjugated like a regular -er verb in the present and imperfect indicative, present subjunctive, imperative, and present participle; it is conjugated like a regular -ir verb in the infinitive, future indicative, conditional, past historic, and imperfect subjunctive; and its past participle ouvert is irregular.
Conjugation of s'ouvrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | s'ouvrant /su.vʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | ouvert /u.vɛʁ/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | s'ouvrir | ||||||
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | s'ouvrant /su.vʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | s'étant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | m'ouvre /muvʁ/ |
t'ouvres /tuvʁ/ |
s'ouvre /suvʁ/ |
nous ouvrons /nu.z‿u.vʁɔ̃/ |
vous ouvrez /vu.z‿u.vʁe/ |
s'ouvrent /suvʁ/ |
| imperfect | m'ouvrais /mu.vʁɛ/ |
t'ouvrais /tu.vʁɛ/ |
s'ouvrait /su.vʁɛ/ |
nous ouvrions /nu.z‿u.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
vous ouvriez /vu.z‿u.vʁi.je/ |
s'ouvraient /su.vʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | m'ouvris /mu.vʁi/ |
t'ouvris /tu.vʁi/ |
s'ouvrit /su.vʁi/ |
nous ouvrîmes /nu.z‿u.vʁim/ |
vous ouvrîtes /vu.z‿u.vʁit/ |
s'ouvrirent /su.vʁiʁ/ | |
| future | m'ouvrirai /mu.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
t'ouvriras /tu.vʁi.ʁa/ |
s'ouvrira /su.vʁi.ʁa/ |
nous ouvrirons /nu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous ouvrirez /vu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁe/ |
s'ouvriront /su.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | m'ouvrirais /mu.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
t'ouvrirais /tu.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
s'ouvrirait /su.vʁi.ʁɛ/ |
nous ouvririons /nu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous ouvririez /vu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁje/ |
s'ouvriraient /su.vʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | m'ouvre /muvʁ/ |
t'ouvres /tuvʁ/ |
s'ouvre /suvʁ/ |
nous ouvrions /nu.z‿u.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
vous ouvriez /vu.z‿u.vʁi.je/ |
s'ouvrent /suvʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | m'ouvrisse /mu.vʁis/ |
t'ouvrisses /tu.vʁis/ |
s'ouvrît /su.vʁi/ |
nous ouvrissions /nu.z‿u.vʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
vous ouvrissiez /vu.z‿u.vʁi.sje/ |
s'ouvrissent /su.vʁis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ouvre-toi /uvʁ.twa/ |
— | ouvrons-nous /u.vʁɔ̃.nu/ |
ouvrez-vous /u.vʁe.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “ouvrir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French ovrir.
Verb[edit]
ouvrir
- to open
Descendants[edit]
- French: ouvrir
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
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