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pakko

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *pakko. Cognate to Estonian pakk (full), Ingrian pakko, Karelian pakko, Ludian pakottada, Veps pakutada and Votic pakko.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑkːo/, [ˈpɑ̝kːo̞]
  • Rhymes: -ɑkːo
  • Hyphenation(key): pak‧ko

Noun

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pakko

  1. obligation, force, necessity, compulsion, coercion, must
    olla pakkomust, have to
    pakkohuutokauppacompulsory sale
    pakkokeinocoercion
    pakkolaskuforced landing
    pakkolunastusexpropriation
    pakkoluovutusexpropriation
    pakkomielleobsession
    pakkopaitastraitjacket
    pakkoruotsimandatory Swedish
    pakkotoimenpideact of force
    pakkotyöforced labour

Declension

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Inflection of pakko (Kotus type 1*A/valo, kk-k gradation)
nominative pakko pakot
genitive pakon pakkojen
partitive pakkoa pakkoja
illative pakkoon pakkoihin
singular plural
nominative pakko pakot
accusative nom. pakko pakot
gen. pakon
genitive pakon pakkojen
partitive pakkoa pakkoja
inessive pakossa pakoissa
elative pakosta pakoista
illative pakkoon pakkoihin
adessive pakolla pakoilla
ablative pakolta pakoilta
allative pakolle pakoille
essive pakkona pakkoina
translative pakoksi pakoiksi
abessive pakotta pakoitta
instructive pakoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of pakko (Kotus type 1*A/valo, kk-k gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pakkoni pakkoni
accusative nom. pakkoni pakkoni
gen. pakkoni
genitive pakkoni pakkojeni
partitive pakkoani pakkojani
inessive pakossani pakoissani
elative pakostani pakoistani
illative pakkooni pakkoihini
adessive pakollani pakoillani
ablative pakoltani pakoiltani
allative pakolleni pakoilleni
essive pakkonani pakkoinani
translative pakokseni pakoikseni
abessive pakottani pakoittani
instructive
comitative pakkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pakkosi pakkosi
accusative nom. pakkosi pakkosi
gen. pakkosi
genitive pakkosi pakkojesi
partitive pakkoasi pakkojasi
inessive pakossasi pakoissasi
elative pakostasi pakoistasi
illative pakkoosi pakkoihisi
adessive pakollasi pakoillasi
ablative pakoltasi pakoiltasi
allative pakollesi pakoillesi
essive pakkonasi pakkoinasi
translative pakoksesi pakoiksesi
abessive pakottasi pakoittasi
instructive
comitative pakkoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pakkomme pakkomme
accusative nom. pakkomme pakkomme
gen. pakkomme
genitive pakkomme pakkojemme
partitive pakkoamme pakkojamme
inessive pakossamme pakoissamme
elative pakostamme pakoistamme
illative pakkoomme pakkoihimme
adessive pakollamme pakoillamme
ablative pakoltamme pakoiltamme
allative pakollemme pakoillemme
essive pakkonamme pakkoinamme
translative pakoksemme pakoiksemme
abessive pakottamme pakoittamme
instructive
comitative pakkoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pakkonne pakkonne
accusative nom. pakkonne pakkonne
gen. pakkonne
genitive pakkonne pakkojenne
partitive pakkoanne pakkojanne
inessive pakossanne pakoissanne
elative pakostanne pakoistanne
illative pakkoonne pakkoihinne
adessive pakollanne pakoillanne
ablative pakoltanne pakoiltanne
allative pakollenne pakoillenne
essive pakkonanne pakkoinanne
translative pakoksenne pakoiksenne
abessive pakottanne pakoittanne
instructive
comitative pakkoinenne

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *pakko. Cognates include dialectal Finnish pakko and Estonian pakk.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pakko

  1. log; block of wood
Declension
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Declension of pakko (type 4/koivu, kk-k gradation)
singular plural
nominative pakko pakot
genitive pakon pakkoin, pakkoloin
partitive pakkoa pakkoja, pakkoloja
illative pakkoo pakkoi, pakkoloihe
inessive pakos pakois, pakkolois
elative pakost pakoist, pakkoloist
allative pakolle pakoille, pakkoloille
adessive pakol pakoil, pakkoloil
ablative pakolt pakoilt, pakkoloilt
translative pakoks pakoiks, pakkoloiks
essive pakkonna, pakkoon pakkoinna, pakkoloinna, pakkoin, pakkoloin
exessive1) pakkont pakkoint, pakkoloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Finnic *pakko. Cognates include Finnish pakko and Estonian pakk.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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pakko

  1. Synonym of tarvis (necessary)
Declension
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Almost exclusively used in the nominative with the third-person singular of olla

Declension of pakko (type 4/koivu, kk-k gradation)
singular plural
nominative pakko pakot
genitive pakon pakkoin, pakkoloin
partitive pakkoa pakkoja, pakkoloja
illative pakkoo pakkoi, pakkoloihe
inessive pakos pakois, pakkolois
elative pakost pakoist, pakkoloist
allative pakolle pakoille, pakkoloille
adessive pakol pakoil, pakkoloil
ablative pakolt pakoilt, pakkoloilt
translative pakoks pakoiks, pakkoloiks
essive pakkonna, pakkoon pakkoinna, pakkoloinna, pakkoin, pakkoloin
exessive1) pakkont pakkoint, pakkoloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Descendants
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  • Votic: pakko

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 377

Votic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *pakko.

Noun

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pakko

  1. block of wood
Inflection
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Declension of pakko (type II/võrkko, kk-k gradation)
singular plural
nominative pakko pakod
genitive pako pakkojõ, pakkoi
partitive pakkoa pakkoitõ, pakkoi
illative pakkosõ, pakko pakkoisõ
inessive pakoz pakkoiz
elative pakossõ pakkoissõ
allative pakolõ pakkoilõ
adessive pakollõ pakkoillõ
ablative pakoltõ pakkoiltõ
translative pakossi pakkoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Ingrian pakko.

Adverb

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pakko

  1. required, necessary, (one) must, (one) has to

References

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  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “pakko”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn