pungo

Italian

Verb

pungo

1. first-person singular present indicative of pungere

Anagrams

• pugno, pugnò

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pungō (with punctus for *puctus after pungō), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Near cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”). Related to pugnus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpʊŋ.ɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpuŋ.ɡo]

Verb

pungō (present infinitive pungere, perfect active pupugī or pepugī, supine pūnctum); third conjugation

1. to prick; to puncture; to sting

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with pugnō (“to fight”).

Conjugation

• The standard perfect is pupugī; however, pepugī occasionally occurs in early classical sources (including Cicero).

   Conjugation of pungō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pungō		pungis		pungit		pungimus		pungitis		pungunt
	imperfect	pungēbam		pungēbās		pungēbat		pungēbāmus		pungēbātis		pungēbant
	future	pungam		pungēs		punget		pungēmus		pungētis		pungent
	perfect	pupugī, pepugī		pupugistī, pepugistī		pupugit, pepugit		pupugimus, pepugimus		pupugistis, pepugistis		pupugērunt, pupugēre, pepugērunt, pepugēre
	pluperfect	pupugeram, pepugeram		pupugerās, pepugerās		pupugerat, pepugerat		pupugerāmus, pepugerāmus		pupugerātis, pepugerātis		pupugerant, pepugerant
	future perfect	pupugerō, pepugerō		pupugeris, pepugeris		pupugerit, pepugerit		pupugerimus, pepugerimus		pupugeritis, pepugeritis		pupugerint, pepugerint
passive	present	pungor		pungeris, pungere		pungitur		pungimur		pungiminī		punguntur
	imperfect	pungēbar		pungēbāris, pungēbāre		pungēbātur		pungēbāmur		pungēbāminī		pungēbantur
	future	pungar		pungēris, pungēre		pungētur		pungēmur		pungēminī		pungentur
	perfect	pūnctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pūnctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pūnctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pungam		pungās		pungat		pungāmus		pungātis		pungant
	imperfect	pungerem		pungerēs		pungeret		pungerēmus		pungerētis		pungerent
	perfect	pupugerim, pepugerim		pupugerīs, pepugerīs		pupugerit, pepugerit		pupugerīmus, pepugerīmus		pupugerītis, pepugerītis		pupugerint, pepugerint
	pluperfect	pupugissem, pepugissem		pupugissēs, pepugissēs		pupugisset, pepugisset		pupugissēmus, pepugissēmus		pupugissētis, pepugissētis		pupugissent, pepugissent
passive	present	pungar		pungāris, pungāre		pungātur		pungāmur		pungāminī		pungantur
	imperfect	pungerer		pungerēris, pungerēre		pungerētur		pungerēmur		pungerēminī		pungerentur
	perfect	pūnctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pūnctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		punge		—		—		pungite		—
	future	—		pungitō		pungitō		—		pungitōte		punguntō
passive	present	—		pungere		—		—		pungiminī		—
	future	—		pungitor		pungitor		—		—		punguntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		pungere			pungī			pungēns			—
future		pūnctūrum esse			pūnctum īrī			pūnctūrus			pungendus, pungundus
perfect		pupugisse, pepugisse			pūnctum esse			—			pūnctus
future perfect		—			pūnctum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pūnctūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pungendī		pungendō		pungendum		pungendō		pūnctum		pūnctū

Derived terms

• circumpungō
• compungō
• dēpungō
• dispungō
• expungō
• interpungō
• perpungō
• prōpungō
• pūnctuō
• pūnctus
• repungō
• trānspungō

Related terms

• pugil
• pūgiō
• pugnus

Descendants

• Eastern:
  • Aromanian: pungu, pundziri
  • Megleno-Romanian: pung
  • Romanian: împunge, împungere, punge
• Old French: puindre, poindre
  • Middle French: poindre
    • French: poindre
  • → Middle English: poynen
• Iberian:
  • Asturian: supuñir
  • Old Spanish: puñir
    • Spanish: pungir, puñir
  • Portuguese: pungir
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: pungere
• Old Occitan:
  • Occitan: pónher, pónger
  • Old Catalan: púnyer
    • Catalan: punyir
• Sardinian: púnghere, punghere
• Sicilian: pùnciri

Further reading

• “pungo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pungo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pungo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.