recorder

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɹiˈkɔː.də/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ɹiˈkɔɹ.dəɹ/, /ɹə-/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧cord‧er
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)də(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English recordour, borrowed from Old French recordour, from Old French recordeor, from Medieval Latin recordātor, from Latin recordor (“call to mind, remember, recollect”), from re- (“back, again”) + cor (“heart; mind”). By surface analysis, record +‎ -er.

Noun

recorder (plural recorders)

1. An apparatus for recording; a device which records.
   • 1958 November, “Storm Damage in the Home Counties”, in Railway Magazine, page 746:

     Between 8 and 9 p.m., the recorder at a meteorological station at Harrow, Middlesex, picked up 1,470 lightning flashes within a radius of 10 to 15 miles, and observers at the station described the storm as "probably one of the most spectacular of the century."

   • 2019 June 27, Jack Schofield, “What’s the best cheap tablet or e-reader for PDF files?”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     A smartphone is not the best camera, notebook, word processor, audio recorder, radio, MP3 player, map reader, pedometer and so on, but it is good enough replace numerous separate devices for most people most of the time.

2. Agent noun of record; one who records.
3. A judge in a municipal court.

Derived terms

• basset recorder
• batcorder
• camcorder
• cassette recorder
• cockpit recorder
• cockpit voice recorder
• data recorder
• descant recorder
• digital video recorder
• event data recorder
• event recorder
• flight data recorder
• flight recorder
• holocorder
• magnetic recorder
• minicorder
• nanorecorder
• personal video recorder
• quick access recorder
• radio cassette recorder
• recordership
• siphon recorder
• tape recorder
• time recorder
• treble recorder
• trip recorder
• videocassette recorder
• video recorder
• voyage data recorder
• wire recorder
• XY recorder
• X-Y recorder

Translations

recording device

• Arabic: مُسَجِّل m (musajjil)

  Moroccan Arabic: مسجلة f (musajjala)

• Bulgarian: записващ прибор m (zapisvašt pribor)
• Burmese: ရီကော်ဒါ (my) (rikauda)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 錄音機 / 录音机 (zh) (lùyīnjī) tape recorder, 錄像機 / 录像机 (zh) (lùxiàngjī) video recorder

• Finnish: tallennin (fi), nauhuri (fi)
• French: enregistreur (fr) m
• German: Rekorder (de) m, Aufzeichnungsgerät n, Aufnahmegerät (de) n
• Greek: εγγραφέας (el) m (engraféas)
• Hindi: रिकॉर्डर (rikŏrḍar)
• Irish: taifeadán m
• Italian: registratore (it) m
• Japanese: レコーダー (ja) (rekōdā)
• Korean: 리코더 (rikodeo)
• Lithuanian: registratorius m
• Malay: perakam
• Persian: رکوردر (rekorder)
• Polish: nagrywarka (pl), rejestrator (pl)
• Portuguese: gravador (pt) m
• Russian: магнитофо́н (ru) m (magnitofón) tape recorder, видеомагнитофо́н (ru) m (videomagnitofón) video recorder, самопи́шущий прибо́р m (samopíšuščij pribór) scientific device
• Spanish: grabadora (es) f
• Swedish: bandspelare (sv) c, inspelningsapparatur c, fickminne n
• Urdu: ریکارڈر (rikārḍar)
• Vietnamese: máy ghi âm (vi), máy ghi hình, máy quay
• Walloon: eredjistreu (wa) m

someone who records — see also chronicler

• Arabic: مُسَجِّل (musajjil)
• Bulgarian: секретар (bg) m (sekretar), протоколчик m (protokolčik)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 记录人

• Finnish: levyttäjä, tallentaja, äänittäjä (fi)
• Greek: καταγραφέας (el) m (katagraféas)
• Italian: registratore (it) m, registratrice f
• Portuguese: gravador (pt) m
• Russian: протоколи́ст (ru) m (protokolíst), регистра́тор (ru) m (registrátor), архива́риус (ru) m (arxivárius)
• Spanish: grabador (es) m, grabadora (es) f, escribiente (es) m, registrador (es) m
• Swedish: ljudtekniker (sv) c, inspelningsassistent c

judge

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 刑事法院法官

• Finnish: kihlakunnantuomari (fi)
• Greek: αρχειοφύλαξ m (archeiofýlax)
• Russian: реко́рдер (ru) m (rekórder)
• Spanish: juez municipal m

Etymology 2

From Middle English recorder, from record (“to practice (music)”); ultimately cognate with Etymology 1.

A baroque alto recorder

Noun

recorder (plural recorders)

2. (music) A musical instrument of the woodwind family; a type of fipple flute, a simple internal duct flute.

   Synonyms: English flute, sweet flute

   Recorders are made in various sizes, from the high soprano or descant recorder to the low bass recorder.

   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     Indeed he hath played on his prologue like a child on a recorder; a sound, but not in government.

   • 1791, Homer, “[The Iliad.] Book 10.”, in W[illiam] Cowper, transl., The Iliad and Odyssey of Homer, Translated into Blank Verse, […], volume I, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 242, lines 12-14:

     […] he beheld
     The city fronted with bright fires, and heard
     Pipes, and recorders, and the hum of war;

   • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XII, in Great Expectations […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC, page 201:

     On his [Hamlet’s] taking the recorders—very like a little black flute that had just been played in the orchestra and handed out at the door—he was called upon unanimously for Rule Britannia.

   • 1982, Anne Tyler, chapter 5, in Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant‎^[2], New York: Knopf, page 133:

     And when they paused on a hilltop for lunch, he whipped out his battered recorder and commenced to tootling “Greensleeves,” scaring off all living creatures within a five-mile radius—which may have been his intention.

   • 2017, Daniel Mendelsohn, An Odyssey: A Father, a Son, and an Epic‎^[3], New York: Penguin Random House:

     […] he had huffed into his white plastic recorder while scowling at the sheets of music that lay open on the wobbly stainless-steel stand.

   • 2023 August 24, “Why old recorders hit a dull note”, in The Guardian‎^[4]:

     Recorder players today will disagree, and probably hate me for saying so, but all these “historically authentic” recorders used today generally produce – with rare exceptions – a rather plain, lifeless, non-vibrato, non-singing performance. This appeals only to recorder players themselves, early music fans and academic music specialists.

Derived terms

• alto recorder
• bass recorder
• contrabass recorder
• garklein recorder
• great bass recorder
• recorderist
• recordist
• sopranino recorder
• soprano recorder
• tenor recorder

Translations

musical instrument

• Afrikaans: blokfluit
• Catalan: flauta dolça (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 牧童笛 (muk⁶ tung⁴ dek^6-2)

  Mandarin: 直笛 (zh) (zhídí), 豎笛 / 竖笛 (zh) (shùdí), 木笛 (zh) (mùdí)

• Czech: zobcová flétna (cs) f
• Danish: blokfløjte
• Dutch: blokfluit (nl)
• Esperanto: bekfluto
• Estonian: plokkflööt
• Finnish: nokkahuilu (fi)
• French: flûte à bec (fr)
• Galician: frauta doce (gl) f
• German: Blockflöte (de) f
• Greek: φλογέρα (el) f (flogéra)
• Greenlandic: blokfløjte
• Hungarian: furulya (hu)
• Icelandic: flauta (is) f, blokkflauta f
• Italian: flauto dolce (it) m, flauto (it) m (colloquially)
• Japanese: リコーダー (ja) (rikōdā), レコーダー (ja) (rekōdā), ブロックフレーテ (burokkufurēte), 縦笛 (ja), 竪笛 (ja) (たてぶえ, tatebue)
• Korean: 리코더 (rikodeo)
• Latin: tibia recta
• Māori: rehu Pākehā
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: blokkfløyte (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: blokkfløyte f

• Polish: flet prosty m
• Portuguese: flauta doce (pt) f, flauta de bisel f
• Romanian: fluier (ro) n
• Russian: реко́рдер (ru) m (rekórder), блокфле́йта (ru) f (blokfléjta)
• Slovak: zobcová flauta f
• Spanish: flauta dulce f, flauta de pico f
• Swedish: blockflöjt (sv) c
• Yiddish: פֿלייטל n (fleytl)

References

• “recorder”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• re-record, rerecord

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French recorder, from Old French recorder, from Latin recordārī (“call to mind, remember, recollect”), from re- (“back, again”) + cor (“heart; mind”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁə.kɔʁ.de/

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Verb

recorder

1. to say something repetitively in order to learn

   As-tu recordé ta leçon?

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

Conjugation of recorder (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	recorder
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	recordant /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		recordé /ʁə.kɔʁ.de/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	recorde /ʁə.kɔʁd/	recordes /ʁə.kɔʁd/	recorde /ʁə.kɔʁd/	recordons /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɔ̃/	recordez /ʁə.kɔʁ.de/	recordent /ʁə.kɔʁd/
	imperfect	recordais /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɛ/	recordais /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɛ/	recordait /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɛ/	recordions /ʁə.kɔʁ.djɔ̃/	recordiez /ʁə.kɔʁ.dje/	recordaient /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɛ/
	past historic2	recordai /ʁə.kɔʁ.de/	recordas /ʁə.kɔʁ.da/	recorda /ʁə.kɔʁ.da/	recordâmes /ʁə.kɔʁ.dam/	recordâtes /ʁə.kɔʁ.dat/	recordèrent /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɛʁ/
	future	recorderai /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁe/	recorderas /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁa/	recordera /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁa/	recorderons /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/	recorderez /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁe/	recorderont /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	recorderais /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁɛ/	recorderais /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁɛ/	recorderait /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁɛ/	recorderions /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/	recorderiez /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁje/	recorderaient /ʁə.kɔʁ.də.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	recorde /ʁə.kɔʁd/	recordes /ʁə.kɔʁd/	recorde /ʁə.kɔʁd/	recordions /ʁə.kɔʁ.djɔ̃/	recordiez /ʁə.kɔʁ.dje/	recordent /ʁə.kɔʁd/
	imperfect2	recordasse /ʁə.kɔʁ.das/	recordasses /ʁə.kɔʁ.das/	recordât /ʁə.kɔʁ.da/	recordassions /ʁə.kɔʁ.da.sjɔ̃/	recordassiez /ʁə.kɔʁ.da.sje/	recordassent /ʁə.kɔʁ.das/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	recorde /ʁə.kɔʁd/	—	recordons /ʁə.kɔʁ.dɔ̃/	recordez /ʁə.kɔʁ.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• recordation
• record

Etymology 2

From re- +‎ corder.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁə.kɔʁ.de/

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Verb

recorder

1. to restring

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English recorder.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁe.kɔʁ.dœʁ/

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Noun

recorder m (plural recorders)

1. recorder (recording device)

   Synonym: enregistreur

2. recorder (judge in a British court)

   Hypernym: juge

Further reading

• “recorder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Latin

Verb

recorder

1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of recordor

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French recorder.

Verb

recorder

1. to record; to register; to make a record (of)

   recorder une histoire

   to make a record of a story

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of recorder

infinitive	simple	recorder
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	recordant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		recordé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	recorde	recordes	recorde	recordons	recordez	recordent
	imperfect	recordois, recordoys	recordois, recordoys	recordoit, recordoyt	recordions, recordyons	recordiez, recordyez	recordoient, recordoyent
	past historic	recorda	recordas	recorda	recordasmes	recordastes	recorderent
	future	recorderai, recorderay	recorderas	recordera	recorderons	recorderez	recorderont
	conditional	recorderois, recorderoys	recorderois, recorderoys	recorderoit, recorderoyt	recorderions, recorderyons	recorderiez, recorderyez	recorderoient, recorderoyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	recorde	recordes	recorde	recordons	recordez	recordent
	imperfect	recordasse	recordasses	recordast	recordassions	recordassiez	recordassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	recorde	—	recordons	recordez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: recorder

Old French

Etymology

From Latin recordārī.

Verb

recorder

1. to record; to register
2. to recall; to remember

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of recorder (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		recorder			avoir recordé
gerund		en recordant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		recordant
past participle		recordé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	recort	recordes	recorde	recordons	recordez	recordent
	imperfect	recordoie, recordeie, recordoe, recordeve	recordoies, recordeies, recordoes, recordeves	recordoit, recordeit, recordot, recordeve	recordiiens, recordiens	recordiiez, recordiez	recordoient, recordeient, recordoent, recordevent
	preterite	recordai	recordas	recorda	recordames	recordastes	recorderent
	future	recorderai	recorderas	recordera	recorderons	recorderoiz, recordereiz, recorderez	recorderont
	conditional	recorderoie, recordereie	recorderoies, recordereies	recorderoit, recordereit	recorderiiens, recorderiens	recorderiiez, recorderiez	recorderoient, recordereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	recort	recorz	recort	recordons	recordez	recordent
	imperfect	recordasse	recordasses	recordast	recordissons, recordissiens	recordissoiz, recordissez, recordissiez	recordassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	recorde	—	recordons	recordez	—

Related terms

• recort
• recordeor

Descendants

• Middle French: recorder
  • French: recorder
• → Middle English: recorden
  • English: record, recordate

References

• Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “recorder”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.