refulgir

Catalan

Verb

refulgir (first-person singular present refulgeixo, first-person singular preterite refulgí, past participle refulgit)

1. to shine
   • 2002, Albert Sánchez Piñol, chapter 3, in La pell freda, La Campana, →ISBN:

     El nostre sol feia que refulgissin amb coloraines verdes i vermelles.

     Our sun made them shine in bright reds and greens.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refulgir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			refulgir
gerund			refulgint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		refulgit		refulgida
		plural		refulgits		refulgides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	refulgeixo	refulgeixes	refulgeix	refulgim	refulgiu	refulgeixen
	imperfect	refulgia	refulgies	refulgia	refulgíem	refulgíeu	refulgien
	future	refulgiré	refulgiràs	refulgirà	refulgirem	refulgireu	refulgiran
	preterite	refulgí	refulgires	refulgí	refulgírem	refulgíreu	refulgiren
	conditional	refulgiria	refulgiries	refulgiria	refulgiríem	refulgiríeu	refulgirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	refulgeixi	refulgeixis	refulgeixi	refulgim	refulgiu	refulgeixin
	imperfect	refulgís	refulgissis	refulgís	refulgíssim	refulgíssiu	refulgissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	refulgeix	refulgeixi	refulgim	refulgiu	refulgeixin
	negative (no)	—	no refulgeixis	no refulgeixi	no refulgim	no refulgiu	no refulgeixin

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin refulgeō.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuwˈʒi(ʁ)/ [he.fuʊ̯ˈʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuwˈʒi(ʁ)/ [he.fuʊ̯ˈʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuwˈʒi(ɾ)/ [he.fuʊ̯ˈʒi(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuwˈʒi(ʁ)/ [χe.fuʊ̯ˈʒi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuwˈʒi(ɻ)/ [he.fuʊ̯ˈʒi(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.fulˈʒiɾ/ [ʁɨ.fuɫˈʒiɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.fulˈʒiɾ/ [ʁɨ.fuɫˈʒiɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.fulˈʒi.ɾi/ [ʁɨ.fuɫˈʒi.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: re‧ful‧gir

Verb

refulgir (first-person singular present refuljo, first-person singular preterite refulgi, past participle refulgido)

1. to shine, to glean

   (figuratively) to distinguish oneself, to excel

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refulgir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	refulgir
Personal	refulgir	refulgires	refulgir	refulgirmos	refulgirdes	refulgirem
Gerund
	refulgindo
Past participle
Masculine	refulgido			refulgidos
Feminine	refulgida			refulgidas
Indicative
Present	refuljo	refulges	refulge	refulgimos	refulgis	refulgem
Imperfect	refulgia	refulgias	refulgia	refulgíamos	refulgíeis	refulgiam
Preterite	refulgi	refulgiste	refulgiu	refulgimos	refulgistes	refulgiram
Pluperfect	refulgira	refulgiras	refulgira	refulgíramos	refulgíreis	refulgiram
Future	refulgirei	refulgirás	refulgirá	refulgiremos	refulgireis	refulgirão
Conditional	refulgiria	refulgirias	refulgiria	refulgiríamos	refulgiríeis	refulgiriam
Subjunctive
Present	refulja	refuljas	refulja	refuljamos	refuljais	refuljam
Imperfect	refulgisse	refulgisses	refulgisse	refulgíssemos	refulgísseis	refulgissem
Future	refulgir	refulgires	refulgir	refulgirmos	refulgirdes	refulgirem
Imperative
Affirmative		refulge	refulja	refuljamos	refulgi	refuljam
Negative (não)		não refuljas	não refulja	não refuljamos	não refuljais	não refuljam

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin refulgeō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /refulˈxiɾ/ [re.fulˈxiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: re‧ful‧gir

Verb

refulgir (first-person singular present refuljo, first-person singular preterite refulgí, past participle refulgido)

1. (formal) to shine, glean (usually said of the moon)

   Synonyms: rielar, resplandecer, titilar

   • 1874, Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, La Alpujarra:

     figuraos la indecisa claridad de la Luna, mezclada con las sombras de la tierra, refulgiendo en la despejada atmósfera y reverberando en el lejano mar

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1904, Pío Baroja, La lucha por la vida:

     y bajo el cielo azul de Prusia todo palpitaba y refulgía y temblaba a la luz del sol con una vibración de llama.

     and under the blue Prussian sky everything was throbbing and glimmering and shaking in the sunlight with a flame-like rhythm

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refulgir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			refulgir
gerund			refulgiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		refulgido		refulgida
		plural		refulgidos		refulgidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	refuljo	refulgestú refulgísvos	refulge	refulgimos	refulgís	refulgen
	imperfect	refulgía	refulgías	refulgía	refulgíamos	refulgíais	refulgían
	preterite	refulgí	refulgiste	refulgió	refulgimos	refulgisteis	refulgieron
	future	refulgiré	refulgirás	refulgirá	refulgiremos	refulgiréis	refulgirán
	conditional	refulgiría	refulgirías	refulgiría	refulgiríamos	refulgiríais	refulgirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	refulja	refuljastú refuljásvos2	refulja	refuljamos	refuljáis	refuljan
	imperfect (ra)	refulgiera	refulgieras	refulgiera	refulgiéramos	refulgierais	refulgieran
	imperfect (se)	refulgiese	refulgieses	refulgiese	refulgiésemos	refulgieseis	refulgiesen
	future1	refulgiere	refulgieres	refulgiere	refulgiéremos	refulgiereis	refulgieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		refulgetú refulgívos	refulja	refuljamos	refulgid	refuljan
	negative		no refuljas	no refulja	no refuljamos	no refuljáis	no refuljan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

• refulgencia
• refulgente

 

Further reading

• “refulgir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014