research

See also: re-search

English

Etymology

Early Modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈsɜːtʃ/, /ˈɹiː.sɜːtʃ/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(r)tʃ
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈɹi.sɚtʃ/, /ɹiˈsɝtʃ/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

research (countable and uncountable, plural researches)

1. (uncountable) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc.; laborious or continued search after truth.
   • 2012 January, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 1, page 87:

     In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

   The research station that houses Wang and his team is outside Lijiang, a city of about 1.2 million people.

2. (countable, dated) A particular instance or piece of research.
   • (Can we date this quote by Macaulay and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the results of the researches of antiquaries.

   • 1747, The Scots magazine (volume 9, page 567)

     The first step I took in this so necessary a research, was to examine the motives, the justice, the necessity and expediency of the revolution […]

   • 1883 December, “Zoology. A. General, including Embryology and Histology of the Vertebrata. Development of Muscle-fibres and their Union with Nerves”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, volume 3, number 6, page 821:

     Although very numerous researches have been made on the differentiation of striped muscles, and on the termination of their motor nerve-fibres, yet the multifarious observations have often been too incomplete to lead to any but conflicting and unsatisfactory theories.

Synonyms

• investigation
• exploration
• examination
• study
• inquiry
• scrutiny

Hyponyms

• action research
• basic research
• bioresearch
• empirical research
• historical research
• marketing research
• market research
• operational research
• operations research
• oppo research
• opposition research
• primary research
• qualitative research
• quantitative research
• scientific research
• secondary research
• space research
• structural research
• unobtrusive research

 

Derived terms

• antiresearch
• bioresearcher
• coresearcher
• eco-research
• market-research
• nonresearch
• nonresearched
• nonresearcher
• nonresearching
• overresearched
• proresearch
• researchability
• researchable
• researchee
• researcher
• researchful
• researchist
• researchy
• underresearched
• unresearchability
• unresearchable
• unresearched

 

Related terms

• research octane number
• research paper
• recherche

Translations

inquiry or examination

• Afrikaans: navorsing (af)
• Arabic: بَحْث (ar) m (baḥṯ), تَحْقِيق m (taḥqīq)
• Armenian: հետազոտություն (hy) (hetazotutʻyun), ուսումնասիրություն (hy) (usumnasirutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: araşdırma, tədqiqat (az)
• Belarusian: дасле́даванне n (dasljédavannje)
• Bengali: গবেষণা (gobeśona), অনুসন্ধান (bn) (onuśondhan)
• Bulgarian: изсле́дване (bg) n (izslédvane)
• Burmese: သုတေသန (my) (su.tesa.na.)
• Catalan: recerca (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 研究 (zh) (yánjiū)

• Czech: výzkum (cs) m
• Danish: forskning c
• Dutch: onderzoek (nl) n, speurwerk (nl) n
• Esperanto: esploro
• Finnish: tutkimus (fi)
• French: recherche (fr) f
• Georgian: კვლევა (ḳvleva), გამოკვლევა (gamoḳvleva)
• German: Forschung (de) f
• Greek: έρευνα (el) (érevna)
• Haitian Creole: rechèch
• Hindi: अनुसंधान (hi) m (anusandhān)
• Hungarian: kutatás (hu)
• Icelandic: rannsókn (is) f
• Indonesian: penelitian (id)
• Irish: taighde m
• Italian: ricerca (it)
• Japanese: 研究 (ja) (けんきゅう, kenkyū)
• Kazakh: зерттеу (kk) (zertteu)
• Khmer: វីមង្សា (km) (viimĕəngsaa), អន្វេស (km) (ʼanveih)
• Korean: 연구 (ko) (yeon'gu)
• Kyrgyz: изилдөө (ky) (izildöö), текшерүү (ky) (tekşerüü)
• Lao: ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ (kān khon khuā)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Latgalian: tiemē
• Latvian: pētniecība f
• Macedonian: истражување n (istražuvanje)
• Malay: penyelidikan
• Manx: aahirrey m, aaronsey m
• Maori: rangahau
• Mongolian: судалгаа (mn) (sudalgaa)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forskning (no) m or f

• Persian: تحقیق (fa) (tahqiq), پژوهش (fa) (pažuheš)
• Polish: badania pl
• Portuguese: pesquisa (pt) f, investigação (pt) f
• Romanian: cercetare (ro) f
• Russian: иссле́дование (ru) n (isslédovanije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: истражи́ва̄ње n

  Roman: istražívānje (sh) n

• Slovak: výskum m
• Slovene: raziskovanje n
• Spanish: investigación (es)
• Swahili: utafiti (sw)
• Swedish: forskning (sv) c
• Tagalog: magsaliksik
• Tajik: таҳқиқ (tahqiq), пажуҳиш (pažuhiš)
• Telugu: పరిశోధన (te) (pariśōdhana)
• Thai: วิจัย (th) (wí-jai), ค้นคว้า (th) (kón-kwáa)
• Turkish: araştırma (tr)
• Turkmen: gözleg, barlag (tk)
• Ukrainian: дослі́дження (uk) n (doslídžennja)
• Urdu: تحقیق (ur) (tahqīq)
• Uzbek: tadqiqot (uz)
• Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (vi)
• Zazaki: cıgêyraış m

piece of research

• Afrikaans: navorsing (af)
• Armenian: հետազոտություն (hy) (hetazotutʻyun), ուսումնասիրություն (hy) (usumnasirutʻyun)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 研究 (zh) (yánjiū), 調查／调查 (zh) (diàochá), 调查 (zh) (diàochá)

• Finnish: tutkimus (fi), selvitys (fi)
• German: Untersuchung (de) f, Forschungsarbeit f
• Italian: ricerca (it) f, indagine (it) f
• Japanese: 調査 (ja) (chōsa)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Korean: 조사 (ko) (josa)
• Polish: badanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: pesquisa (pt) f
• Russian: иссле́дование (ru) n (isslédovanije)
• Swahili: utafiti (sw)
• Swedish: undersökning (sv) c
• Thai: งานวิจัย

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: بَحْث (ar) m (baḥṯ)
• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} onderzoek (nl) n, ^{(please verify)} speurwerk (nl) n
• French: ^{(please verify)} recherche (fr) f
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} recerca
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} истраживање n

  Roman: ^{(please verify)} istraživanje (sh) n

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} investigación (es) f

Verb

1. (transitive) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.
2. (intransitive) To make an extensive investigation into.
3. (transitive) To search again.

Translations

to examine with continued care

• Afrikaans: navors
• Arabic: بَحَثَ (ar) (baḥaṯa)
• Armenian: հետազոտել (hy) (hetazotel)
• Assamese: গৱেষণা কৰা (gowexona kora)
• Azerbaijani: araşdırmaq (az)
• Belarusian: дасле́даваць impf (dasljédavacʹ)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 研究 (zh) (yánjiū)

• Finnish: tutkia (fi), selvittää (fi)
• French: rechercher (fr)
• German: forschen (de), erforschen (de)
• Hungarian: kutat (hu)
• Italian: ricercare (it)
• Japanese: 研究する (ja) (けんきゅうする, kenkyū suru)
• Kazakh: зерттеу (kk) (zertteu)
• Khmer: ស្រាវជ្រាវ (km) (sraaw criəw)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Korean: 연구하다 (ko) (yeon'guhada)
• Latvian: pētīt
• Mongolian: судлах (mn) (sudlax)
• Polish: badać (pl), zbierać informacje
• Portuguese: investigar (pt)
• Russian: иссле́довать (ru) impf or pf (isslédovatʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: истражи́вати impf

  Roman: istražívati (sh) impf

• Swedish: forska (sv)
• Telugu: పరిశోధించు (te) (pariśōdhiñcu)
• Thai: วิจัย (th) (wí-jai), ค้นคว้า (th) (kón-kwáa)
• Turkish: araştırmak (tr)
• Ukrainian: дослі́джувати impf (doslídžuvaty)
• Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (vi)

to make an investigation into

• Afrikaans: navors
• Armenian: հետազոտել (hy) (hetazotel)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 調查／调查 (zh) (diàochá), 调查 (zh) (diàochá)

• Finnish: tutkia (fi), selvittää (fi)
• German: erforschen (de), recherchieren (de)
• Greek: ερευνώ (el) (erevnó)
• Italian: indagare (it)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: 調査する (ja) (ちょうさする, chōsa suru)
• Manx: aahirr
• Maori: rangahau
• Polish: badać (pl)
• Portuguese: pesquisar (pt), investigar (pt)
• Russian: рассле́довать (ru) impf or pf (rasslédovatʹ), иссле́довать (ru) impf or pf (isslédovatʹ)
• Spanish: investigar (es)
• Telugu: పరిశోధించు (te) (pariśōdhiñcu)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} onderzoeken (nl), ^{(please verify)} uitvissen (nl), ^{(please verify)} uitzoeken (nl), ^{(please verify)} nagaan (nl)
• French: ^{(please verify)} examiner (fr), ^{(please verify)} explorer (fr), ^{(please verify)} fouiller (fr), ^{(please verify)} rechercher (fr)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} recercar
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} investigar (es)

References

• “research”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “research”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• "research" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

Anagrams

• reachers, searcher

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology

From English research, from early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”). Forms a doublet with Dutch recherche, which is a direct borrowing from French.

Noun

research f (uncountable, diminutive researchje n)

1. research

Usage notes

The plural is very rare or non-existent.

Synonyms

• onderzoek, speurwerk, vorsing, navorsing