solus

See also: Solus

Latin

Etymology

PIE word
*swé

Often derived from Proto-Italic *swolos, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun), whence se (“oneself”) (compare English self, seldom, PIE *s(w)e-l-bʰ-) + *-los; however de Vaan rejects this derivation and suggests instead a connection to *sōlh₂- (“whole, healthy”), which would make it akin to salvus and salūs. Another hypothesis connects Proto-Germanic *sēliz (Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “happy, good”), Old English sēlra (“better”)) (< *selH-).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.lus/, [ˈs̠oːɫ̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.lus/, [ˈsɔːlus]

Adjective

sōlus (feminine sōla, neuter sōlum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)

1. alone, sole, only, by oneself with no others around
2. solitary, uninhabited

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sōlus	sōla	sōlum		sōlī	sōlae	sōla
Genitive	sōlī̆us				sōlōrum	sōlārum	sōlōrum
Dative	sōlī				sōlīs
Accusative	sōlum	sōlam	sōlum		sōlōs	sōlās	sōla
Ablative	sōlō	sōlā	sōlō		sōlīs
Vocative	sōle	sōla	sōlum		sōlī	sōlae	sōla

Derived terms

• dēsōlō
• sōligenitus
• sōlitārius
• sōlitās
• sōlitātim
• sōlitūdo
• sōlum

 

Descendants

• Asturian: solu
• Catalan: sol
• English: sole, solo
• French: seul
• Friulian: sôl
• Galician só
• Istriot: sulo
• Italian: solo
• Occitan: sol

• Old Galician-Portuguese: soo, sol

  Portuguese: solo, só

• Romansch: sul
• Sardinian: solu, sou
• Sicilian: sulu
• Spanish: solo

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sōlus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 573
• “solus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “solus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• solus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• solus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) sunrise; sunset: ortus, occasus solis
    
  • (ambiguous) an eclipse of the sun: solis defectio
    
  • (ambiguous) to be dried up by the sun's heat: ardore solis torreri
    
  • (ambiguous) the east winds are blowing: venti ab ortu solis flant
    
  • (ambiguous) to be situate to the north-west: spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones
    
  • (ambiguous) Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
    
  • (ambiguous) Solo ordained by law that..: Solo lege sanxit, ut or ne
    
  • (ambiguous) to leave one's country (only used of exiles): solum vertere, mutare (Caecin. 34. 100)
    
  • (ambiguous) Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1)
    
  • (ambiguous) to raze a town to the ground: oppidum solo aequare
    
  • (ambiguous) this is as clear as daylight: hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius
    
• “solus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “solus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

---

Old Irish

Etymology

so- +‎ lés (compare dolus)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsolus/

Adjective

solus

1. bright
2. (of sound) clear
3. (intellectually) clear, lucid

Inflection

u-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	solus	solus	solus
Vocative	solus
Accusative	solus	soluis
Genitive	soluis	soilse	soluis
Dative	solus	soluis	solus
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	soilsi	soilsi
Vocative	soilsi
Accusative	soilsi
Genitive	*
Dative	soilsib
Notes	*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish

Noun

solus m

1. light
2. clarity, intelligibility

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• solusta

Descendants

• Irish: solas
• Manx: sollys
• Scottish Gaelic: solas

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
solus	ṡolus	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.