sweren

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Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch sweren, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Verb

swēren

  1. to swear, to declare solemnly
  2. to swear, to curse
Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms
Descendants
  • Dutch: zweren
    • Afrikaans: sweer
    • Negerhollands: sweer
  • Limburgish: zwaere

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *sweran, from Proto-Germanic *sweraną.

Verb

swēren

  1. to hurt, to be painful
Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Further reading

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English swerian, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sweren, Old Swedish sværia, Old Danish swæriæ, Middle Dutch swēren, and Middle High German swern.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈswɛːrən/, /ˈswɛːriən/

Verb

sweren

  1. To swear to do something; to make a oral binding statement.
    1. To swear while laying hands on something as confirmation.
    2. To swear by using a deity or divinity as witness.
    3. To swear to remain truthful, honest and trustworthy.
    4. To swear to adhere or remain faithful to a given person.
    5. (rare) To give approval or permission by swearing.
  2. To give witness in a legal or judicial context.
  3. To curse; to utter swearwords (especially as part of a promise)
  4. To approve or affirm a a oral binding statement.
  5. To form a conspiracy or secret pact; to effect covertly.
  6. To make a decisive and important statement or claim.
  7. (rare) To claim or exclaim; to state.
  8. (rare) To lay the foundation for a religion.

Conjugation

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6=[[sweren]]
14=[[swereden]]
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Conjugation of sweren (strong class 6)
infinitive (to) sweren
indicative present past
1st person singular swere swore, sware
2nd person singular swerest swore, *sworest
3rd person singular swereþ, swereth swore, sware
plural sweren swore(n), sware(n)
subjunctive present past
singular swere swore, sware
plural sweren swore(n), sware(n)
imperative present
singular swere
plural swereþ, swereth
participle present past
swerende, sweringe (i)swore(n), sworn

Usage notes

Occasional weak forms are also found throughout the Middle English period.

Descendants

References

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.

Verb

sweren

  1. to swear (an oath)

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • “sweren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Alternative forms

Etymology

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(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, whence also Old Saxon swerian, Old English swerian, Old Norse sverja, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Verb

sweren

  1. to swear

Descendants

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