sweren

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Middle Dutch

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Etymology 1

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From Old Dutch sweren, from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Verb

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swēren

  1. to swear, to declare solemnly
  2. to swear, to curse
Inflection
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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms
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Descendants
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  • Dutch: zweren
    • Afrikaans: sweer
    • Negerhollands: sweer
  • Limburgish: zwaere

Etymology 2

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From Old Dutch *sweran, from Proto-Germanic *sweraną.

Verb

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swēren

  1. to hurt, to be painful
Inflection
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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English swerian, from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sweren, Old Swedish sværia, Old Danish swæriæ, Middle Dutch swēren, and Middle High German swern.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈswɛːrən/, /ˈswɛːriən/

Verb

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sweren

  1. To swear to do something; to make an oral binding statement.
    1. To swear while laying hands on something as confirmation.
    2. To swear by using a deity or divinity as witness.
    3. To swear to remain truthful, honest and trustworthy.
    4. To swear to adhere or remain faithful to a given person.
    5. (rare) To give approval or permission by swearing.
  2. To give witness in a legal or judicial context.
  3. To curse; to utter swearwords (especially as part of a promise)
  4. To approve or affirm an oral binding statement.
  5. To form a conspiracy or secret pact; to effect covertly.
  6. To make a decisive and important statement or claim.
  7. (rare) To claim or exclaim; to state.
  8. (rare) To lay the foundation for a religion.

Usage notes

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Occasional weak forms are also found throughout the Middle English period.

Conjugation

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Descendants

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References

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.

Verb

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sweren

  1. to swear (an oath)

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • sweren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, whence also Old Saxon swerian, Old English swerian, Old Norse sverja, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

Verb

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sweren

  1. to swear

Descendants

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