varna

See also: Varna, varná, várna, várná, vārna, vārnā, and värna

English

Etymology

From Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa, “colour, tint, dye, pigment, appearance, aspect”), from verbal root वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to choose, select”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɜːnə/, /ˈvɑːnə/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)nə

Noun

varna (plural varnas)

1. (Hinduism) any of the four original castes in Hinduism, or the system of such castes

Related terms

• varnashrama

Translations

caste

• French: varna (fr) f
• Malay: warna (ms)
• Marathi: वर्ण m (varṇa)
• Portuguese: varna (pt) f
• Russian: варна (ru) f (varna)
• Slovak: varna f
• Tamil: வர்ணம் (ta) (varṇam), ஜாதி (ta) (jāti)

See also

• Brahmin
• Kshatriya
• Vaishya
• Shudra
• savarna, avarna
• Dalit

See also

• Wikipedia article on Varna
• Wikipedia article on varnas in Hinduism

References

• Credo, Quia Occidentale
• Welzer, Albrecht. 1994. Credo, Quia Occidentale: A Note on Sanskrit varna and its Misinterpretation in Literature on Mamamsa and Vyakarana. In: Studies in Mamamsa: Dr Mandan Mishra Felicitation Volume edited by R.C. Dwivedi. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass.

Anagrams

• Arnav, Narva, Navar, Vrana, navar, varan

Czech

Alternative forms

• várna (obsolete)

Etymology

From vařit +‎ -na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvarna]

Noun

varna f

1. boilery, boiling house

Declension

Declension of varna (hard feminine reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	varna	varny
genitive	varny	varen
dative	varně	varnám
accusative	varnu	varny
vocative	varno	varny
locative	varně	varnách
instrumental	varnou	varnami

Further reading

• “varna”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “varna”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “varna”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Icelandic

Noun

varna

1. indefinite genitive plural of vörn

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wárˀnāˀ. Cognate with Latvian vãrna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvarnɐ/

Noun

várna f (plural várnos) stress pattern 1

1. crow (Corvus cornix)

   várna krañkia/rė̃kia ― a crow caws/cries

Declension

Declension of várna

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	várna	várnos
genitive (kilmininkas)	várnos	várnų
dative (naudininkas)	várnai	várnoms
accusative (galininkas)	várną	várnas
instrumental (įnagininkas)	várna	várnomis
locative (vietininkas)	várnoje	várnose
vocative (šauksmininkas)	várna	várnos

Derived terms

(nouns):

• (diminutive) varnelė
• juodvarnis m

Related terms

• (noun) varnas m

See also

• kovas

References

• “varna” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse varna, from Proto-Germanic *warnōną.

Verb

varna

1. to be careful
2. to preserve, to protect
3. to warn

Conjugation

Conjugation of varna (weak)

	present				past
infinitive	varna				—
participle	varnandi, -e				varnaþer
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	varnar	varni, -e	—		varnaþi, -e	varnaþi, -e
þū	varnar	varni, -e	varna		varnaþi, -e	varnaþi, -e
han	varnar	varni, -e	—		varnaþi, -e	varnaþi, -e
vīr	varnum, -om	varnum, -om	varnum, -om		varnaþum, -om	varnaþum, -om
īr	varnin	varnin	varnin		varnaþin	varnaþin
þēr	varna	varnin	—		varnaþu, -o	varnaþin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	varnas	varnis, -es	—		varnaþis, -es	varnaþis, -es
þū	varnas	varnis, -es	—		varnaþis, -es	varnaþis, -es
han	varnas	varnis, -es	—		varnaþis, -es	varnaþis, -es
vīr	varnums, -oms	varnums, -oms	—		varnaþums, -oms	varnaþums, -oms
īr	varnins	varnins	—		varnaþins	varnaþins
þēr	varnas	varnins	—		varnaþus, -os	varnaþins

Descendants

• Swedish: varna

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa, “colour, tint, dye, pigment, appearance, aspect”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvaʁ.nɐ/ [ˈvaɦ.nɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvaʁ.nɐ/ [ˈvaɦ.nɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈvaɾ.nɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈvaʁ.nɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvaɻ.na/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvaɾ.nɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvaɾ.nɐ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾ.nɐ/

• Hyphenation: var‧na

Noun

varna f (plural varnas)

1. (Hinduism, rare) varna, the four original castes of traditional Hindu society.

   Synonym: casta

Hyponyms

• savarna
• brâmane
• xátria
• vaixá
• xudra

Coordinate terms

• avarna
• dálita

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋàːrna/

Adjective

várna

1. inflection of várən:
   1. masculine nominative/accusative dual
   2. feminine nominative singular
   3. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish varna, from Old Norse varna, from Proto-Germanic *warnōną.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

varna (present varnar, preterite varnade, supine varnat, imperative varna)

1. to warn; to issue a warning

Conjugation

Conjugation of varna (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	varna		varnas
supine	varnat		varnats
imperative	varna		—
imper. plural1	varnen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	varnar	varnade	varnas	varnades
ind. plural1	varna	varnade	varnas	varnades
subjunctive2	varne	varnade	varnes	varnades
present participle		varnande
past participle		varnad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• varning

Anagrams

• varan